Good nutrition can go a long way in preventing and alleviating the negative side effects of cancer and its treatments. It is important for cancer patients to carefully manage their diets, and working closely with a physician or dietitian is usually necessary. Cancer patients often have trouble absorbing essential nutrients, and thus special diets are implemented to assure nutritional needs are met. These needs will vary on a patient-to-patient basis.
Before Treatment
Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy all work by killing cancer cells. However, during this process, healthy cells are also affected. Maintaining a proper diet before treatment will increase the effectiveness of the treatment, and help strengthen and repair those cells damaged in the process. Large amounts of high-protein, high calorie foods are recommended. Red meat, processed grains and foods with high sugar contents should be avoided.
After Treatment
Proper diet can help patients rebuild strength and it can help them increase their level of wellbeing. The side effects of cancer treatment vary depending on the type of cancer, its location, the type and dosage of the treatment administered. Often these side effects, like loss of appetite, weight fluctuation, mouth and throat irritation, nausea and vomiting, to name a few, cause severe nutritional repercussions and special diets should be utilized to treat them.
Appetite Loss
Patients who suffer from appetite loss should drink fluids like juice, soup and milk-based products to keep up nutrient levels. Powdered or liquid meal replacements are recommended. Frequent small meals or snacks--like crackers, cheese, fruit, pudding--should be eaten throughout the day and are easier on the stomach than having a few large meals.
Weight Loss
Weight loss is often a result of cancer treatment, and is also caused in part by the cancer itself. Those experiencing weight loss should consume protein-intensive diets. Protein milkshakes, fortified milk and peanut butter are all good sources. A good way to increase protein intake is by adding instant dry milk to meals like in eggs, cereals, sauces and soups.
Weight Gain
In some cancers, like breast, prostate and ovarian cancer, weight gain can be a side effect treatment. Patients who suffer form weight gain should seek the advice of a physician or dietitian before committing to any dietary plan. However, in general, lean meats like skinless chicken are recommended as well as fruits, vegetables, cereals and breads. High-calorie foods should be avoided.
Mouth and Throat Irritation
Suffers of mouth and throat irritation should stick to soft foods. These include applesauce, bananas, milkshakes, yogurt, mashed potatoes, noodles, vegetable and meat purees, and pudding. Citrus fruits, raw vegetables and granola should be avoided
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of cancer treatment and usually subside with time. Foods that are easy on the stomach are recommended. These include crackers, toast, ice chips, canned peaches, and boiled potatoes, noodles and rice. Spicy foods or foods with strong odors should be avoided.
