Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid is regurgitated into the esophagus. Esophagitis, a complication of GERD, occurs when the lining of the esophagus is damaged.
Symptoms
The main GERD symptom is frequent heartburn, although some people, especially children, may cough, have trouble swallowing or have asthma symptoms without heartburn. Symptoms of esophagitis include painful or difficult swallowing, heartburn and regurgitation of acid.
Causes
The cause of GERD is sometimes unknown, but abnormalities of the digestive system, obesity, pregnancy and smoking may contribute to its development. Esophagitis is caused by infection or irritation of the esophagus, which can be caused by GERD, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Tests
People with severe GERD or suspected esophagitis may undergo endoscopy, in which a small tube that acts as a camera is placed down the throat; biopsy, or removal and inspection of esophageal tissue; barium x-ray, in which x-rays are taken after a patient drinks barium solution; or pH monitoring, which involves leaving a small device or tube in the esophagus for one or two days to determine the severity of reflux.
Treatment
GERD is commonly treated with over-the-counter or prescription-strength antacids, H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors. Esophagitis may also be treated with drugs that block acid production, and pain can be treated with an oral analgesic.
Warning
Untreated GERD or esophagitis can sometimes result in changes to the esophagus that may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. See your doctor if you have symptoms of either condition.
