The gallbladder, which is part of the digestive system, stores concentrated bile, releasing it into the small intestine where it aids in food digestion. The gallbladder works in combination with the liver, but occasionally the patient may develop gallstones or other gallbladder disorders, resulting in the surgical removal of the organ. When this occurs, the liver takes over the function previously performed by the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis (gallstones) may result in inflammation and abdominal pain that can become severe. The discomfort may radiate toward the back or beneath the right shoulder blade and it may be worse after the individual consumes greasy foods. In addition, the abdomen may feel bloated and the patient may experience gassiness and stools the color of clay. Heartburn, nausea and indigestion may be present.
Gallstones
Signs of gallstones (cholelithiasis) may be mild or nonexistent in most individuals, but there are symptoms; they may include cramping or pain in the upper right or middle portion of the abdomen. If a gallstone passes out of the gallbladder into the small intestine, the symptoms may disappear. If a bile duct becomes blocked, the patient may experience a fever and jaundice of the skin and eyes. Indigestion, nausea and vomiting may also occur.
Stone in the Bile Duct
Occasionally, a gallstone will lodge in the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine. Excess salt, calcium or pigment present in the bile increase the risk of developing a stone. These stones may even occur in a patient whose gallbladder has been surgically removed. The symptoms are similar to those of cholecystitis and they may occur soon after eating.
Cancer
Cancer of the gallbladder is not common and usually develops only in those with previous gallstones. Although rare, gallbladder cancer is often fatal. Symptoms may include severe jaundice, accompanied by abdominal pain. The patient may experience a loss of appetite and subsequent weight loss. In some cases, itching may be present. As the cancer progresses, these symptoms worsen.
Complications
Stones may be surgically removed and the symptoms may disappear. However, some gallbladder problems may increase the risk of cirrhosis and complications of the pancreas, especially if the condition is allowed to progress over time without treatment.
