Signs Of Silicone Breast Implant Rupture

Signs of Silicone Breast Implant Rupture

Whether or not silicone breast implants pose a health safety risk to women has been the subject of debate for years. In addition, it may be very difficult to tell if you've even had a rupture. This is called a "silent rupture," although some women do have symptoms. Fortunately, there is no scientific proof that silicone implants, when ruptured, cause any serious health risks.

Signs of Rupture

Unfortunately, most women do not notice if their silicone breast implant has ruptured. This is because silicone leaks slowly. For this reason, many plastic surgeons recommend having an MRI done every 3 years after you get silicone implants. Some women do have symptoms, however. These can include a change in the shape or size of your breast, lumps in the breast, hardening, pain, swelling, or other unusual sensations. If you suspect you have a rupture, do not get a mammogram, since the compression of the breast could cause more of the silicone to leak out.

Causes of Rupture

Most often, the cause of the rupture remains unknown. Implants last an average of 10 years, so sometimes they rupture due to age. Other times, there is damage done to the implant during the implantation process. Sometimes trauma to the chest causes them to rupture, or they might rupture during a mammography, when the breast is compacted. To treat a rupture, the implant is surgically removed and replaced.

Scar Tissue

The body reacts to the implant by forming a scar tissue shell around it. Usually, the scar tissue remains soft. If there is a rupture, the silicone may stay inside the scar tissue shell, preventing it from leaking into the body. When that happens, more scar tissue will form around the leaking silicone. This new scar tissue will probably become hard and painful, distorting the shape of your breast.

Leakage

If the silicone is not trapped by the scar tissue shell, it may leak into the surrounding area and travel to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes. It cannot be removed from these areas, and the long-term health effects are not known. For this reason, if a rupture occurs, the implants should be removed as soon as possible.

Considerations

Although there is no scientific evidence that silicone from ruptured breast implants is the cause of any major health problems, studies by the FDA show that women who have suffered from leaking silicone implants are more likely to be diagnosed with painful diseases such as fibromyalgia.

Signs Of Periodontal Disease

Signs of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal diseases are types of bacterial infections that can destroy your gums and any surrounding tissues within the mouth. Periodontal diseases can be mild, such as gingivitis, or become severe and lead to advanced periodontitis. If you let periodontal disease go untreated, the bones around your teeth will begin to dissolve. As a result, tooth loss always occurs. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, chronic inflammation of the teeth (as a result of disease) causes about 70 percent of adult tooth loss.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. Gingivitis causes swelling of your gums, and if the disease is left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications, such as periodontitis. As a result, you can develop permanent damage of your teeth and jaw line. According to the Mayo Clinic, women who are pregnant and have periodontitis have a higher incidence of giving birth to premature babies than women without the disease.

Gingivitis Symptoms

The first indicator of gingivitis is bleeding gums when you brush your teeth. Even the slightest amount of pressure upon the gums can cause bleeding. Gingivitis can also cause your gums to become soft, and the gums may be tender to the touch. Healthy gums are pink in appearance. However, when you have gingivitis, the gums begin to change to a darker red. Your breath can develop a foul odor. According to the Mayo Clinic, you should see a dentist if your gums become puffy, dusky red and develop bleeding easily.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an infection that can result in tooth loss. According to the Mayo Clinic, periodontitis can put you at an "increased risk of heart attack, stroke, or other serious heart conditions." When a person develops periodontitis, it is the result of poor hygiene.

Periodontitis Symptoms

Periodontitis begins with swollen gums, very red or purplish gums, tender gums or gums that begin to pull away from your teeth. As the disease progresses, spaces will develop between the teeth, pus will form between the gums and teeth, and teeth will become loose. Other symptoms include bad breath, a bad taste within the mouth and a difference in the way your teeth feel when you bite down.

Prevention/Solution

To prevent periodontal disease, you need to adopt a good oral hygiene routine. You should brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss once a day. According to the Mayo Clinic, it's better to brush after every meal or snack. Brushing should take 1 to 2 minutes, while flossing should take 2 to 3 minutes. Flossing prior to brushing your teeth is better, since flossing removes any food particles and bacteria. You should also have your teeth professionally cleaned by a hygienist every 6 to 12 months, unless you've already developed signs of periodontal diseases. If you have early signs of periodontal disease, cleanings should be done more often (about every three months).

Pain After Open Ventral Hernia Repair

In open ventral hernia surgery, the surgeon makes one long incision to access and reinforce the abdominal wall bulge or tear with a small sheet of mesh. Sutures are used to secure the mesh and close the incision.

Open Method and Pain

Open ventral hernia surgery patients have "significantly higher pain" postoperatively than those who undergo the minimally invasive version, say Dr. Harmza and colleagues in the International Journal of Surgery.

Pain Related to Surgery

Pain is usually mild to moderate; patients take acetaminophen, ibuprofen or, in some cases, a prescription pain killer, say surgeons David M. Lambert and Alexander W. Lesko. Severe pain should not last more than three days.

Chronic Pain May Develop

Severe, chronic post-hernia pain "is a significant problem," occurring in about 9 percent of patients in a multi-center five-year study, as reported by the Ulster Medical Journal. Other studies show it occurs after 6-12 percent of open hernia surgeries.

Causes of Chronic Pain

The root is unknown but likely happens when a nerve becomes trapped in the mesh, sutures or internal scar tissue, according to a Ulster Medical Journal article by Somaiah Aroori and Roy AJ Spence.

Treatment of Chronic Pain

Chronic pain after open hernia surgery can be treated by oral pain killers, injections to the pain site or via surgical exploration, according to the same Ulster Medical Journal article.

Signs Of Infection After Knee Surgery

Post-surgical infections after knee surgery are relatively common, but patients and health care providers can reduce the chance of infection by following standard precautions. According to K.D. Moore and J.M. Cuckler, authors of Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology, nearly "one to four out of 200 people develop an infection after knee replacement surgery." Identifying signs of infection after knee surgery may help prevent complications, lead to faster healing and recuperation, and get you back on your feet in no time.

Signs of Infection

Common signs of surgical-site infection (SSI) include, but are not limited to, redness or warmth around the incision site, swelling, fever, chills and pain. A serious sign of infection involves the presence of pus from the incision site. Patients also often complain of pain in the calf muscles.

Defining a Surgical-Site Infection

A doctor, nurse or other adequately trained health care provider can interpret a combination of visual, clinical and laboratory findings to determine the presence of infection following knee surgery. In most cases, such criteria for infections are based on whether they originate from an organ or from an incision space.

Infection Controls

In recent years, measures to decrease SSIs have been beneficial. These include improved surgical techniques, anti-infection barriers, sterile procedures and operating theatres and improved antimicrobial medications. Nevertheless, incidences of infection continue to rise, perhaps due to the growing number of individuals undergoing such procedures.

Preventing Infection

Reducing risk and preventing infections revolves around reducing exposure to microbial contamination of tissue between patient and caregivers, applying stringent measures to sterilize equipment and avoiding unnecessary tissue damage during surgical procedures.

Patient Characteristic Risks

Patients who smoke, suffer from diabetes or use steroids or immunosuppressant drugs are found to experience more post-surgical infections that those who don't. Malnutrition also plays a role in susceptibility to infection, as does age, overall general health and care of wounds following surgery. Following knee surgery, patients are cautioned against soaking in the tub and instead are advised to shower and to keep wounds clean and dry.

What Is Covered By The Texas Chip Program

Texas CHIP provides comprehensive health insurance to qualifying children.

The Texas Children's Health Insurance Program, or CHIP, is designed to provide children in Texas with health insurance. According to Chip/Medicaid, "CHIP is health insurance designed for families who earn too much money to qualify for Medicaid, yet cannot afford to buy private health insurance."

Doctors

According to the Texas Association of Community Health Centers, CHIP covers a wide range of medical services, including doctor's visits. Services require an income based co-pay which you can check through the CHIP website.

Prescriptions

The CHIP program is designed to cover prescription medication. Like with doctor's visits, prescriptions also require a co-pay based on income.

Eye Care

Texas CHIP recipients also are covered for their eye care needs. The plan covers eye exams and glasses with an income based co-pay.

Dental Care

In its effort to be comprehensive, Texas CHIP extends coverage to a child's dental health with an income based co-pay. Some of the services covered by Texas CHIP include teeth cleanings, fillings and routine care visits.

Hospitals

In addition to routine health care, Texas CHIP covers hospital visits. This part of coverage includes tests, X-rays, mental health care and specialists. Hospital services also are subject to the income based co-pay.

Signs Of A Lack Of Iron

Wholemeal bread is a source of iron.

Eating a varied and balanced diet provides most people with the necessary iron their body needs. Good sources of iron are nuts, dried fruits, whole grains, meat, dark-green leafy vegetables and beans. Spinach is a good source of iron. However, spinach should be eaten with foods containing iron-absorption enhancers such as tomatoes. Tea and coffee contain polyphenols that can bind to iron. When this happens, it is harder for the body to absorb iron.

Lack of Energy

Iron is an essential mineral, meaning a healthy diet must contain iron. Iron helps red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. Iron is important for general well-being and energy. Lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency. Without enough iron, muscles get less oxygen, which lead to less energy. Anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells.

Common Symptoms

In the earlier stages, a person usually does not experience any symptoms. With time, the deficiency may deepen and the person may experience fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, cold hands and feet, headache, sleeping difficulties, and weakness. A person's fingernails may become thin and white. A person's immune system will become weak, and many sufferers have low blood pressure when changing from sitting to standing up. Women may experience severe menstrual pain, and children may lack of appetite.

Severe Anaemia

There are many different types of anemia and iron deficiency anemia is the most common type. The body needs iron to produce more blood cells, and a lack of one iron may lead to the development of anemia. Long-term consequences of lack of iron are a burning sensation in the tongue and brittle hair, and dryness in the mouth and throat. Severe anemia may result in chest pain and headache. Leg pain is also common. A person with severe lack of iron may faint and experience a rapid heart rate.

Diagnose of Symptoms

Many of the symptoms of lack of iron have a general character, and a doctor should be consulted to rule out other health problems. A blood test is necessary to diagnose iron deficiency anemia and an analysis of the red blood cells is usually included. A balanced diet is the best prevention for iron deficiency and vitamin C helps to absorb iron from food. The effect of the absorption of iron is best when vitamin C is combined with vegetables containing iron, such as watercress and spinach.

What Does Tricare Pay For

TRICARE is the health care system that is used by all branches of the military. If you are a member of the active military or reserves, you can benefit from this type of health coverage. Understanding exactly what it can and cannot do for you could help you avoid unnecessary charges.

Who is Covered?

Under this type of health insurance plan, only certain people can receive benefits. Anyone who is in the active military or an immediate family member of someone in the military can be covered. If you are in the National Guard or the Army reserves, you can also receive health care benefits through TRICARE. Retired military members can also get help with medical issues through this program. In some cases, former spouses of military members receive benefits as well.

Plans

The coverage options that you will receive depend greatly on what plan you choose from TRICARE. You can choose between three primary modes of coverage. TRICARE Prime is based on receiving all of your treatment from military treatment facilities. TRICARE Preferred allows you to choose from preferred providers for your medical needs. TRICARE Standard allows you to pay a certain amount of money for each service that you receive. With this plan, you can choose between military and non-military facilities for treatment. The deductibles for these plans are based on which plan you have and what your pay grade is. For TRICARE prime, there are no deductibles. With TRICARE Extra and Standard, you pay $150 for an individual deductible or $300 for a family deductible if your pay grade is E-5 or above. With these plans, you pay $50 for an individual deductible or $100 for a family if your pay grade is E-4 or below.

General Medical Needs

With all three types of TRICARE plans, you can get your general medical needs fulfilled. If you have to see a doctor, you can do so through any of the three plans. With the TRICARE Prime, you can even do so without having to pay a co-pay or meet a deductible. With all three plans, you can also be admitted to the hospital for major treatments or surgery and be covered. Going into a skilled nursing facility can also be covered by all three programs.

Other Benefits

Besides getting your general medical needs through this program, you can also get some other benefits. For example, through TRICARE, you can get access to prescriptions through a pharmacy program. You can also get all of your dental needs taken care of through this type of health coverage. You may also be able to gain access to special programs such as weight-loss groups, alcohol education and classes that teach you quit smoking.

Signs And Symptoms Of Metal Hipreplacement Rejection

Total hip replacement, or hip arthroplasty, can be a desirable option for many people who may be experiencing chronic pain or immobility in this area. These problems can be caused by injury or loss of bone mass because of disease or advanced age. The technology and design of hip prostheses have improved since the original procedure was established, yet the reality of having man-made materials inserted into the body might raise the issue of rejection of the prosthesis.

Inherent Causes

There are currently two types of metallic hip prostheses. The first type to be developed was a small metal ball that was inserted into the femoral bone, which coupled with a metal cup that replaced the original socket. A plastic spacer was placed between these two metal surfaces. Because of the more rapid degeneration of plastic as opposed to metal, the cup had a tendency to wear away from continual contact with the metal ball. The accumulation of plastic residue in the area would cause a loosening of the prosthesis over time.

Other Inherent Causes

The other type of metallic hip prosthesis has no plastic components. The femoral ball is much larger, thereby creating a better fit with the metal socket. The metal that is used in this prosthesis is made of a cobalt-chrome alloy known as Vitallium. This is a very durable alloy, yet there is still a wearing away of the material over time. However, this type of metal-on-metal prosthesis has been reported to have shown better endurance than the metal-on-plastic type, according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.

Symptoms

When any type of hip prosthesis begins to exhibit signs of wear or dislocation, the most common symptoms will be pain and increased limitation of movement in the area. These are caused by a breakdown of the prosthesis function and/or the wearing down of the metal components, according to the Hip and Knee Institute. As these parts wear down, they lose the tight fit that is required for optimum efficiency. The ball and socket junction will loosen, causing the joint to be displaced. Immobility will set in, and pain will be caused by the misalignment of the components of the prosthesis.

Other Symptoms

Research has been done into the possibility of adverse reactions either from the prosthesis itself or from the residue caused by normal wear of the components. Dermatitis and reactions to the ionization of metal, primarily of cobalt, are two of the more serious side effects that have been studied. While the statistics vary as to the severity of the accumulation of residue, available data suggest that the severity of adverse reaction is considered to be minimal.

Corrective Measures

The procedures to correct metal hip-replacement rejection can be serious. Effects of rejection symptoms can include a wearing away of the femur, as well as the pelvis, causing an increased dislocation of the prosthesis, and severe pain and immobility. The surgical procedure to correct any of these requires either replacing one or more components or removing and replacing the entire prosthesis. These are called hip-replacement revisions. Medical reports about this surgical approach indicate that these revisions tend to have success despite the continued invasiveness of surgery on the femur and pelvis, and that they often require longer rehabilitation periods.

Side Effects Of Weight Loss

In the U.S., obesity is a leading cause of mortality, disability and rising health care costs. But many side effects, both positive and negative, accompany weight loss. Because of the risk for negative side effects, it's important for one to be well-educated on nutrition and exercise before beginning a weight-loss program.

Positive Side Effects

The most significant side effect of weight loss is the decreased risk of disease. According to the Obesity Society (obesity.org), 90 percent of type 2 diabetes patients are overweight due to their bodies being unable to properly control blood sugar by using insulin. The risk of certain cancers also decreases with weight loss, including kidney, endometrial, colorectal, gallbladder, thyroid and postmenopausal breast cancers (see Reference 1).

Increased energy is a common side effect of weight loss. With any exercise regime, one replaces fat with muscle. You feel stronger and lighter. Everyday tasks that once required large amounts of energy become easier. Additionally, because muscle cells burn more calories than fat cells, those who exercise will burn more calories throughout the day, even while their bodies are at rest (see Reference 2).

Weight loss often leads to increased self-esteem levels, especially in children. Children who are overweight are also more likely to be overweight as adults. Both children and adults can better focus on their strengths and positive qualities when they are not constantly worrying about weight issues (see Reference 3).

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (AJCN) reports that weight loss in women can lead to a healthier pregnancy. Infants of overweight mothers more often require admission to neonatal intensive care units, reports the AJCN. Obese women who give birth are at high risk of Caesarean deliveries. Women of normal weight have on average, a lower cost of prenatal and postnatal care.

Negative Side Effects

One of the most common negative side effects is eating disorders (especially among females), as weight loss can become obsessive and continue even after the person has reached a healthy weight. If too few calories are consumed, a person may become chronically fatigued and experience hair loss and dizziness. More serious side effects of eating disorders include depletion of important nutrients, mood disorders, hospitalization or even death.

Stretch marks and loose skin are a negative side effect of weight loss. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reports that large amounts of weight loss may cause abdominal skin to become flaccid, requiring surgical procedures such as abdominoplasty (to tighten weakened skin muscles in the stomach). Stretch marks may also appear during and after weight loss.

Warnings

While there are both positive and negative side effects of weight loss, it is important for people to follow a healthy diet and exercise program, abstaining from fad diets and unrealistic expectations. Rapid weight loss can cause more harm than good, as one's metabolism will weaken over time. One will likely gain back the weight just as quickly as it was lost.

Side Effects Of Vertebroplasty

Side Effects of Vertebroplasty

Side effects from vertebroplasty are rare and usually present in less than one percent of patients. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that doesn't involve surgery. It helps people suffering from osteoporosis by relieving pain and strengthening their broken vertebra or spinal bone.

Considerations

Vertebroplasty is relatively new and there haven't been any controlled trials to determine how safe and effective it is. However, observational data shows the procedure relieves pain for people who have suffered severely and consistently.

Bleeding

Risk of side effects are relatively low but may include bleeding at site of the injection and infection.

Pain

Patients may experience their pain getting worse. They may also have neurological complications, such as leg pain or overall weakness.

Fracture

It is possible for patients' ribs or spines to fracture during the procedure, especially if they are very weak.

Leakage

Following vertebroplasty, the spinal cord may also experience cement leakage.

Time Frame

Some side effects of vertebroplasty may present during the procedure and others may be a result of the anesthesia given during the procedure.

Ways To Sell Your Home Fast In A Down Market

You may have to lower your sale price expectations in a down economy.

In a down economy, it takes a little more than a coat of paint and well-trimmed hedges to sell your home. Though the competition is tough, making the sale quickly is not impossible. Take a different approach to selling real estate fast when the economy cools off by being realistic about price and attending to every last detail.

The Right Price

Put your desires for a large profit from selling your home on the back-burner and instead rely on the reality that a fair price will sell your home long before an unreasonable one. Do some research not only in your neighborhood but also in your entire area to learn what similar houses have sold for. Consider selling your house on your own and eliminate the real estate sales commission in order to get your price down to something that has a chance of selling. In a tough economy, houses priced out of the range of other houses in the area usually do not even get a look from potential buyers. Create a selling price for your house that is fair to you, but will also prove competitive in the market.

Curb Appeal

Even in a difficult economy, people still use their emotions to make their buying decisions. If you are limited in what you can invest in to remodel your home to add value to it then spend some of that money on the curb appeal of your home. Curb appeal is that first impression a home makes when people see it from the street, and you can not only improve your chances of selling your home with greater curb appeal but you may even get your first asking price for it as well. Invest in some landscaping for the front, and fix up any areas that need repair. In a bad economy, the first impression a house on the market makes is extremely important.

Inspection

Consider having a home inspection done prior to putting the house on the market. An inspection lists all of the things that need to be repaired before you can put the house on the market, but more importantly it will alert you to things that will come up when the buyer has an inspection done. Without having an inspection of your home prior to selling it, you may not realize that the foundation is cracked or your porch needs major repairs. In a down market, you can kill a sale quickly by not having the details of an inspection attended to ahead of time.

Side Effects Of Stopping Cymbalta Abruptly

Cymbalta, also known as duloxetine, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used mainly to treat depression. Suddenly stopping Cymbalta has dangerous side effects, impacting both the body and the mind. Stopping Cymbalta in "cold turkey" fashion will lead to an upsetting, even painful withdrawal. The slower the withdrawal period, the longer the brain and body have to adjust to the chemical changes occurring in the brain.

Medication withdrawal is not to be taken lightly.

Physical effects

The physical effects of withdrawal from Cymbalta may slow motor skills, making daily tasks, job performance and physical fitness difficult for someone going through a withdrawal schedule. Other physical withdrawal symptoms include migraine, nausea and trouble with coordination and speech. Withdrawal may also cause someone to sleep too much or not at all, leaving him unprepared and tired the next day, or unable to function properly from lack of sleep. During withdrawal, the body and mind must become accustomed to the absence of Cymbalta. Without the drug, the body goes through a withdrawal process along with the brain.

Psychological effects

The psychological effects of Cymbalta withdrawal may be extreme. Once stopping the drug, especially abruptly, one may spiral into a deeper depression than she has ever experienced. Anxiety and panic attacks may occur without the medicine. One may experience cloudy cognition and trouble concentrating, or may feel unable to function mentally without the drug because of a strong sense of confusion and difficulty completing regular tasks. Thinking patterns may change, becoming obsessive, repetitive or disturbing.

Cymbalta withdrawal

Withdrawal side effects of Cymbalta include aggression, anxiety, balance problems, blurred vision, zapping sensations in the head, constipation, crying spells, depersonalization, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, flatulence, flu-like symptoms, hostility, mood swings, indigestion, migraines, lethargy or drowsiness, paranoia, sleep disturbances, cramps, ringing in ears, worsened depression, severe restlessness, nausea, headaches, unpleasant sensations such as tingling or burning, vomiting, irritability or nightmares.

Avoiding withdrawal

Withdrawal from Cymbalta can be avoided by slowly tapering off the pill over the course of weeks or months. The user will begin his usual dose and then may decrease it week by week until he is totally weaned from the medicine. Tapering may be done in the course of days, but withdrawal is more likely with this method because it does not give the body enough time to adjust to the tapering process and will still cause dangerous side effects as a result.

Conclusion

The best tapering method is the one that you and your doctor agree on. Withdrawing from any drug without the assistance of a doctor or therapist is dangerous and can lead to serious side effects and consequences. It may take some time for the side effects to begin to fade. In some cases it takes weeks; in others it may take a month or more. This depends on how much Cymbalta you take and how sensitive your body is to its effects. If you are thinking about quitting Cymbalta, be sure to talk to your doctor and explain your decision.

Side Effects Of Sclerotherapy

For those suffering with varicose and spider veins, sclerotherapy may be a possible solution. The procedure involves injections that irritate the affected vein's lining, resulting in inflammation, hardening and fading of the vein. Like any other medical procedure, however, this minimally invasive treatment is not without possible side effects.

Common Effects

The minimally invasive procedure is generally well tolerated. Common side effects include swelling at the site of the injections, bruising and minor bleeding.

More Serious Side Effects

More serious effects include hematomas (collection of blood beneath your skin), superficial thrombophlebitis (characterized by tenderness and warmth over the injection site) and vasovagal reflex (characterized by nausea, increased perspiration and palpitations).

Rare Side Effects

Rare side effects include deep venous thrombosis (blood clots that could cause serious health problems if they travel to your lungs), localized hypertrichosis (temporary increase in hair growing in the site of the injection) and vasospasm (spasm of the blood vessel, which can result in an ulcer).

What to Expect

Expect mild discomfort after the procedure. Most patients describe discomfort during the procedure as feeling similar to that of a bee sting. Afterward the discomfort is caused by the inflammation and hardening of the vein. Pain usually dissipates within one day.

Considerations

Before undergoing sclerotherapy, tell your doctor if you have any medical conditions or allergies, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding.

Side Effects Of Rapid Weight Loss

Side Effects of Rapid Weight Loss

A pound of body fat is composed of 3,500 calories, which need to be either burned or eliminated from the diet in order for a person to lose weight. The average person can only lose 1 to 2 pounds of body weight a week. Diets promising rapid weight loss promise much bigger numbers, which are sometimes possible but not without serious side effects.

Loss of Muscle

Rapid weight loss usually goes hand in hand with muscle loss. When the body does not get enough nutrients from the diet (common in very low calorie or liquid diets, which are used for rapid weight loss), it resorts to eating away at the muscles for energy. Fat is not a very effective source of energy and the body considers fat as energy reserve, thus only using it as a last resource. Loss of muscle leads to a sluggish metabolism, which in turn will make it easier to regain weight once the person goes back to eating normally. It also causes an untoned appearance or what is referred to as being "skinny fat."

Loose Skin

Rapid weight loss will always cause hanging skin. This is because even though skin is elastic, the stretching and shrinking process is slow. With rapid weight loss, the skin does not have enough time to adapt to the changing body and ends up loose and saggy. This is especially noticeable in the abdomen and arms. Obese people who lose large amounts of weight may eventually need cosmetic surgery to correct the problem.

Dehydration

Muscle is composed greatly of water, so with lost muscle comes a loss in the body's reserve of water. People who are losing large amounts of weight usually restrain their water intake as well to prevent bloating. Dehydration can lead to a number of problems, including dizziness, lack of energy, kidney stones, diarrhea and vomiting.

Gallstones

Sudden weight loss, as well as long periods of fasting, can disrupt the balance of cholesterol and bile salts in the gallbladder, leading to the formation of gallstones. Aside from bloating, nausea and vomiting, gallstones can also cause severe pain in the upper abdomen, between the shoulder blades and in the lower back. Surgery may be necessary to remove large stones.

Hair Loss

Hair loss is common in diet programs that cause rapid weight loss for long periods of time, such as the case of obesity surgery, liquid diets or very-low calorie diets (under 800 calories per day). Hair needs protein to grow and maintain its health. In diets that cause rapid weight loss, protein is usually reduced to a small percentage of the daily diet, as dieters usually need to concentrate in either liquids or produce to lose weight. The lack of protein in the diet will lead to brittle hair and eventually hair loss, as the body will use whatever little protein is consumed for other, more vital organ functions.

Side Effects Of Serms

Side Effects of SERMs

SERMs, or selective estrogen receptor modulators, are a group of drugs that affect how estrogen binds to certain kinds of cells in the body. Understanding the side effects of the different kinds of SERMs is important, because doctors use these drugs to combat osteoporosis and certain kinds of cancer, and to manage menopause and help with contraception. SERMs have different side effects depending on how they work in the body, so understanding their mechanism of action will help understand side effects.

What makes a SERM different from human estrogen?

Human estrogen affects all cells and tissues the same way. SERMs, however, affect different kinds of cells in different areas of the body in different ways. One kind of SERM, for example, prevents the growth of cells in breast tissue, but increases the growth of cells in uterine tissue. This ability to specify action on particular kinds of cells is what makes SERMs a popular choice of treatment for certain diseases.

Positive effects of SERMs

Although there are many drugs within the class of SERMs, and not all of them have the same positive effects, studies have shown that all SERMs reduce the risk of breast cancer. SERMs also have a positive effect on cholesterol and triglycerides, and many of the drugs help treat osteoporosis in women who have been through menopause.

Negative effects of SERMs

Like all drugs, SERMs also have negative effects. These include hot flashes, headaches and increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a condition that increases risk of developing blood clots. Some SERMs---like tamoxifen, a popular breast cancer treatment---increase the risk of endometrial and uterine cancers, cataracts and pulmonary embolism (where a clot travels to the blood vessels in the lungs and causes a blockage).

Controversies

After studies revealed that many of the SERMs used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increased risk of breast and uterine cancers as well as increased risk of developing harmful blood clots, many doctors stopped prescribing the drug for patients who might already be at risk for developing certain cancers or clots. Data shows that although tamoxifen reduces breast cancer risk by 49 percent in high-risk women, its side effects cause enough concern that fewer than 20 percent of these women take it.

Considerations

Because of the concerns with side effects, as well as the growing number of women with post-menopausal health problems, researchers are currently investigating ways of creating a perfect SERM. Doctors are searching for a way to build an ideal SERM that would exhibit positive effects on cholesterol, heart and bone health without increasing risk of breast or uterine cancer.

Pros & Cons Of Body Wraps

Body wraps are offered at many spas as a way to cleanse your body inside and out. Body wraps have several benefits and drawbacks, so it is always best to know what you are walking into before committing to the wrap. If you are thinking about a body wrap, consider the pros and cons first. Does this Spark an idea?

Simplicity

The greatest thing about body wraps is that they are easy to do. After the cloth wrap is applied, you typically will lie in the wrap between one hour to an hour and a half. Your spa may suggest movement or additional clothing to help you sweat even more. Otherwise, all you need to do is lie there tightly wrapped in natural herbs and minerals and wait until the session ends.

Health Benefits

Several health benefits come with a body wrap treatment. Not only do the wraps remove excess water from your body and reduce water weight, but they help eliminate toxins. With just the right combination of herbs, essential oils, and mud or aloe vera, your body will naturally detoxify itself through your skin's pores. Also, your skin will begin to look and feel smoother, softer and tighter. Body wraps are a good stress reliever and can help lower your blood pressure.

Weight Loss

Many people have begun to see the benefits of weight loss through the use of body wraps. Toxins from smoking, drinking or just the environment help your body retain water, give you blotchy skin and poor circulation, and can cause you to hold onto fat. The wrap naturally removes the toxins that cause your additional weight gain. Because of the water weight and toxins being removed from your body, you may see that after you are "unwrapped," you have already lost a few pounds.

Multiple Treatments

Since the body wrap is not a one-time miracle, you will most likely need to have it done several times. After your first wrap, you should see improvements in your skin, as well as your overall health. To keep up with the weight loss or other health benefits, you will need several treatments, to flush your system on a regular basis.

Expense

Body wraps are not inexpensive, so the cost is a big con, especially since multiple treatments are recommended. Depending on the location where you receive the treatment, it may cost you $70 each time, but it is likely to be more. Ask about offers for multiple wraps. The rates may be lowered if they know you are signing on for a few wraps and not just one.

What To Do To Prepare For A Pap Smear

What to Do to Prepare for a Pap Smear

A pap smear is a test used to discover irregular cells on the cervix. Although this is routine test, there is some anxiety surrounding the issue of what to do to prepare for it.

Appointment

Make your appointment on a day you are sure you will not be menstruating, about a week or two after your next period. If your period starts before your appointment, call and try to reschedule within the next two weeks.

Cleanse

Before heading out the door to your appointment, it is important to take a shower. However, the National Institutes of Health suggests refraining from douching for at least 24 hours before a pap smear.

Intercourse

Avoid intercourse within one day of your appointment.

Inserts

Tampons, birth control jellies and birth control foams should be put aside for 24 hours before a pap smear.

Questions

Write down a list of questions or issues that adequately address any important concerns you have. This will help you to avoid forgetting those questions when you are on the spot.

Answers

Be prepared to answer questions on previous sexual health issues, such as an irregular pap smear, birth control methods and whether or not you could be pregnant.

Side Effects Of Lapband

The Lap-Band is an adjustable silicon belt that is fitted around the stomach to restrict its size and induce weight loss. While the procedure is usually successful, there are mild and serious side effects associated with the Lap-Band. Gastrointestinal disturbances include nausea, vomiting, constipation and diarrhea. Some patients may experience poor nutrition or protein deficiency. In rare instances, the band can become displaced or begin to deteriorate inside the body.

Nausea and Vomiting

Common side effects of the Lap-Band are nausea and vomiting. These occur while the body attempts to adjust to the altered stomach.

Diarrhea and Constipation

Other side effects patients may experience while adjusting to the Lap-Band are diarrhea and constipation.

Protein Deficiency

A serious side effect of the Lap-Band is protein deficiency, which leads to fatigue, weakness and hair loss. Patients should take extra measures to consume foods that are high in protein.

Gastric Perforation

A serious possible side effect of Lap-Band surgery is gastric perforation, which is a rip in the stomach tissue. This occurs in less than 1 percent of surgery patients but requires immediate corrective surgery.

Erosion or Displacement

A rare side effect of the Lap-Band is the displacement or erosion of the device. This is likely to occur if the patient does not follow the strict post-operation diet guidelines.

Medicaid And Medicare Eligibility

Medicare eligibility requirements are much less complex than Medicaid eligibility requirements.

Medicare and Medicaid are federal health care programs. The former is a program designed for retired or disabled citizens who are not insured by employers or private companies. The latter is a program designed to provide health insurance coverage to citizens who are poor, unemployed or otherwise without access to health care or unable to afford insurance. Medicare is a federally-operated program. Medicaid, while federally-administered, is run at the state level.

Medicare General Eligibility

Medicare has relatively basic general eligibility requirements to which a few stipulations are attached. American citizens and legal immigrants who are aged 65 years or older, younger than 65 but disabled or diagnosed with end-stage renal disease are also eligible for Medicare. Provisions apply to those aged 65 years or older. These individuals are eligible if they or a spouse spent at least 10 years working for a company that levied Medicare taxes. Some citizens under the age of 65 may be eligible to begin receiving Medicare benefits. To be eligible for early Medicare benefits, you must have been receiving Social Security or Railroad Retirement Board benefits for 24 months or previously worked in a Medicare-covered government job.

Medicare Plan Eligibility

Basic Medicare is comprised of Parts A and Part B, hospital and medical insurance coverage, respectively. Part C is the Medicare advantage plan; to be eligible for this coverage, one must already be enrolled in Part A or B. Part D offers prescription drug coverage which also requires that the participant be enrolled in Part A or B. Medicare advantage plans include drug coverage.

Medicaid General Eligibility

According to the Social Security Administration, Medicaid is available to financially troubled U.S. citizens and legal immigrants in need of health care coverage who are elderly, blind, disabled or who otherwise qualify for federal income assistance. Because Medicaid is administered by each state, income requirements will vary, and plan participants may be asked to provide a share of cost for coverage.

Required Medicaid Documents

Medicaid applicants will be asked to provide qualifying documents to establish eligibility. These documents include, but are not limited to, a birth certificate, proof of citizenship or alien status, recent paycheck stubs for applicants who are working, proof of income from sources such as Social Security, Supplemental Security Income, Veteran's Benefits or retirement, proof of residence and any other health insurance coverage.

Side Effects Of General Anesthetics

General anesthesia is a type of medicine that is only administered by a qualified doctor or nurse. Mainly used for major surgeries, it affects the entire body, including the brain and reflexes. Due to the overall affects of general anesthesia, it is more likely to cause side effects than other types of anesthesia.

Common Side Effects

Commons side effects of general anesthesia include headache, nausea and vomiting. Since breathing assistance is required during the use of general anesthetics, sore throats are common due to the use of throat tubes.

Anesthesia Awareness

Anesthesia awareness is the act of awaking during surgery while being unable to move or react. Though this awareness is real, it is very uncommon. Statistics reflect this occurs in about one in 14,000 people.

Serious Risks and Side Effects

Serious risks from anesthetic usage include reduced blood pressure and heart rate, heart attack and stroke. Although very uncommon, death and serious injury may also result from general anesthesia.

Reducing Risks

In order to reduce risks and side effects, it is important to inform your doctor of all health problems, medications and allergies. This will help the doctor to determine the anesthetic balance.

Instructions

Side effects can also be reduced, if not eliminated, by following the doctor's pre-surgery instructions. The most common instruction, having an empty stomach and digestive system, allows the anesthesia to work more effectively without adverse reactions.

Side Effects Of Female Hormone Replacement

Side Effects of Female Hormone Replacement

Hormone replacement therapy to relieve menopause symptoms or for other purposes slightly increases users' risks for developing serious cardiovascular problems and cancer. HRT can also cause many unwelcome side effects, ranging from stomach pain to infections. Whether formulated as creams, patches or tablets---or containing estrogen, estriol or a combination of estrogen and progestin---all HRT have the same risks and side effects.

Purposes of Hormone Replacement

HRT relieves the hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats and vaginal dryness that come with the onset of menopause. Female hormone supplements can also slow bone loss (osteoporosis) and prevent the development of colon cancer.

Common Side Effects

As listed in the prescribing information for Premarin, a branded tablet formulation of conjugated estrogens marketed by Wyeth, women using HRT most often experienced abdominal pain, back pain, gassiness, itching (pruritis), leg cramps, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge (leukorrhea), vaginitis, weakness and lack of energy (asthenia), and yeast infections (vaginal moniliasis) as side effect during clinical trials of the product.

Rare Side Effects

Other side effects from HRT have included balding, body hair growth, discoloring in the face (chloasma and melasma), raised blood pressure, skin rash (for example, erythema multiforme), thickening of the uterine lining (endometrial hyperplasia) and yellowing of the skin and eyes (cholestatic jaundice).

Warnings

Women who use HRT have slightly increased risks for blood clots, breast cancer, dementia, gall bladder disease, heart attacks and stroke. Also, women with an intact uterus are at increased risk for developing endometrial cancer when they take supplemental estrogen.

Avoiding Problems

To decrease the chance of experiencing side effects and long-term problems, the FDA advises women to use the lowest dose of HRT that provides the desired benefits and to limit how long they take estrogen supplements. The agency further recommends assessing the need for HRT every 3 to 6 months. After reviewing all of the clinical literature on HRT, the editors of Consumers Report wrote in October 2008 that women who had breast cancer, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer or a family history of deaths from cardiovascular causes should not use HRT.

Side Effects Of Fat Burners

Fat burners are used to promote weight loss and to burn fat from the body. This is done by increasing the body's metabolism while giving the body a boost of energy. Use of fat burners can come with some side effects.

Heart

Fat burners are stimulants and they can cause an increased heart rate. Overdoses are possible and can be fatal.

Addiction

Fat burning pills can addictive if they are used for long enough.

Allergies

Fat burners often times have a lot of ingredients in them. People can take these not knowing if they are allergic to something and end up having a bad reaction.

Sleep

If fat burners are taken late in the day, this can affect sleep patterns. Insomnia and restlessness can occur.

Mood

Fat burners can also take there toll on the nervous system. Irritability and edginess can develop.

Stomach

The user can experience stomach problems such as cramps, constipation and diarrhea.

Side Effects Of Duromine

Duromine should only be one part of a weight loss plan, diet and exercise should also be included in the plan. There are a vast number of side effects. This medicine is a controlled drug and should not be given to anyone else other than the patient prescribed for.

Side Effects

The side effects are dry mouth, constipation, hives, impotence, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, insomnia, restlessness, tremors and dizziness.

When to Call a Physician

A doctor should be called immediately upon experiencing sudden or rapid weight loss, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fainting, any swelling of the legs or feet, or if exercise must be reduced due to lack of ability.

Defined

Duromine contains an active ingredient of Phentermine. Phentermine combined with a resin makes it last all day. It reduces weight in people with problems of obesity. The active ingredient, Phentermine, acts as an appetite suppressant directly stimulating the brain specifically in charge of appetite.

Pregnancy

Changes in sex drive are one of the known side effects of Duromine. Do not take while pregnant or if pregnancy is a possibility. It should also not be taken by women who are lactating.

Warning

Regular doctor visits should be mandatory while on Duromine. While on Duromine do not drink any form of alcohol. Avoid operating machinery or even driving while on Duromine.

Do Not Take

Do not take Duromine if you have high blood pressure, heart problems, overactive thyroid gland, anorexia nervosa, depression, glaucoma, or any blood vessel problems. You should also not take Duromine if you have been on an antidepressant within 14 days.

Side Effects Of Commonly Used Iv Anesthesias

All anesthetic drugs have side effects.

Before surgery, patient sedation is the responsibility of an anesthesiologist. Induction of anesthesia can occur from inhalation agents or intravenous anesthesia. IV anesthetics are drugs administered through an IV to put the patient to sleep for surgery. Some of the most commonly used IV induction agents include propofol, ketamine, barbiturates, and etomidate. These IV anesthetics have unique and overlapping side effects.

Most Common IV Anesthetics

The four main groups of intravenous anesthetics are barbituates, propofol, etomidate, and ketamine.

Propofol is the most commonly used IV anesthetic. It is classified as a sedative-hypnotic agent, meaning it causes a sleep state. Thiopental and methexital are barbiturate anesthetics. These drugs also have anti-seizure activity. Etomidate is a sedative agent that is used primarily in patients with heart disease. Lastly, Ketamine is another drug used for induction of anesthesia. Ketamine is called a dissociative anesthetic, because patients may have their eyes open but are not aware of their surroundings.

Main Side Effects

All IV anesthetics have a variety of side effects that affect multiple body systems. Sodium thiopental can cause rash, abnormal heart rhythm, shivering, abdominal pain, and cough. In Phase IV trials of propofol, most patients report nausea, vomiting, a drop in blood pressure and heart rate. Many patients report a burning sensation or pain at the IV site soon after drug administration. Etomidate can cause nausea, vomiting, changes in blood pressure or heart rate, coughing and drowsiness. Some other adverse reactions associated with use of intravenous Etomidate are phelbitis, which is swelling of the vein where medicine is injected. It can also cause myoclonus, or intermittent muscle cramping. The most common side effects of Ketamine include blurry vision, a confused state, drowsiness, increased or decreased blood pressure or heart rate, changes in mood, nausea and vomiting. Patients also report vivid dreams, illusions, and flashbacks several weeks after surgery, according to the Department of Anesthesia at Stanford University Medical Center.

Benefits

Although these drugs have side effects, they also have many benefits that make them useful. IV anesthetics are useful because they allow the patient to be asleep during and unaware during the surgical procedure and have no memory upon awakening.

Prevention

Most side effects from IV anesthesia are mild and self limiting. Some of these adverse reactions can be prevented from occurring with medication and preplanning. Nausea and vomiting is common after all anesthesia. During the procedure, your doctor may administer a drug called an anti-emetic, which helps prevent these symptoms. Shivering, another common symptom after surgery, can be prevented by keeping the patient warm during surgery with warm IV fluids, blankets, etc.

Considerations

These IV anesthetics have similar and varied side effects in the perioperative period. Always report your past medical history and social history to your physician. Patients who use alcohol, medications, illicit drugs, or who have a family history of adverse reactions to anesthesia may have more complications from IV anesthesia.

Side Effects Of Atenolol When Used For Anxiety

Atenolol is a drug that doctors prescribe for angina, high blood pressure, migraine headache prevention, following a heart attack and for anxiety. The drug is useful for all of the indicated maladies but also comes with a list of side effects that you need to address. Before you take any prescription drugs, make sure your doctor knows of any preexisting illness besides the anxiety and all the medication you already take.

Allergic Reaction

As with any drug, you might have an allergy to Atenolol. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include a tightening in the chest, difficulty breathing, decreased urination, fainting, bluish skin, mood changes, increased thirst, vomiting, rash or itching, sluggishness and other symptoms of allergies to drugs.

Weight Gain

One reaction to Atenolol is sudden swelling and weight gain.

Breathing and Pain

Chest pain and difficulty breathing are also side effects of Atenolol, as are fainting spells.

Asthma

Increased symptoms of asthma may be a side effect.

Heart Failure

Heart failure in patients with heart problems is a side effect, as is a rapid and irregular heartbeat.

Cold Fingers and Toes

Icy fingers and toes are a common side effect of the drug.

Side Effects Of Atenolol In Dogs

Atenolol, or Tenormin, is a beta-blocker that is often prescribed for dogs with heart conditions, and although it is not registered with the FDA as a drug for dogs, it has proven very effective in treating our canine friends. But, like any drug, it has side effects.

Allergic Reaction

If your pet has taken Atenolol and has difficulty breathing, hives or swelling of the lips, tongue or face, he's probably having an allergic reaction, and you should take him to your veterinarian immediately.

Shortness of Breath

Shortness of breath is considered a serious side effect. If your pet has a history of asthma or other breathing difficulties, be sure to tell you veterinarian before your pet uses Atenolol.

Slow or Irregular Heart Beat

Because it is a beta-blocker, Atenolol can cause the heart to beat too slowly or irregularly, lowering blood pressure. Be sure to tell your veterinarian if you dog has had heart problems or low blood pressure in the past before beginning use.

Leg Pain

Leg pain or cramping can be a side effect of Atenolol, and is normally a sign of a more immediate problem like heart irregularities.

Weight Gain

If your pet suddenly gains a notable amount of weight, it may be a side effect of taking Atenolol. Be sure to contact your veterinarian immediately.

Fatigue

Fatigue in a dog can be caused by a great many things, but if your dog has just begun taking Atenolol, be careful to note it. If this side effect occurs with any of the other side effects, it may be something to worry about.

Digestive Issues

Although considered a rather minor side effect, digestive issues are fairly common in dogs taking Atenolol. Digestive issues related to Atenolol use may include diarrhea, constipation, gas, nausea or vomiting.

Side Effects Of Androcur

Testosterone is a hormone or androgen that is found naturally in the human body. Elevated levels of testosterone have the potential to cause unwanted or harmful effects. In men, such elevations sometimes cause hypersexuality, a psychological desire for sexual contact that is never satiated. Additionally, excess levels of testosterone increase the growth rate of cancerous cells in the prostate. Doctors in the United Kingdom and Canada prescribe the drug Androcur to lower testosterone levels in the body in order to treat both hypersexuality and slow the spread of prostate cancer. Despite its effectiveness, Androcur is not for everyone as it presents several risks for side effects and complications in some patients.

Common Side Effects

The most common side effects of Androcur involve sexual function and the reproductive system. Men taking the drug frequently report a marked decrease in sexual desire, impotence and decreased ejaculation. Androcur use also lowers the sperm count in many men. Another common side effect of Androcur in men is swelling of the breasts, pain in the chest and the possibility of milk production or lactation.

Other Side Effects

Androcur also has the potential to cause a number of other troublesome or annoying, but not dangerous, side effects. Some men experience gastrointestinal side effects from the drug, such as weight gain, diarrhea and frequent defecation. Neurological and psychiatric effects of Androcur include depression, dizziness, lack of coordination, headache and hallucinations. Androcur use sometimes results in effects to the skin, including temporary hair loss, lightening of hair color, sweating, dryness, sensitivity to the sun, redness and rashes. Other possible side effects of the drug include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath and coldness.

Drug Interactions

There are some medications that produce unwanted side effects when used in conjunction with Androcur. When used with ethinyl estradiol, a common estrogen supplement, there is an increased risk for the development of blood clots. Because such clots pose a danger for stroke, doctors rarely combine the use of Androcur with ethinyl estradiol. Additionally, you should not take any other androgen or testosterone supplements while taking Androcur, as this increases the risk for side effects from the drug.

Risks

In addition to minor side effects and the risk of interactions, Androcur has the potential to cause serious medical complications. In some cases, Androcur causes damage to the liver or kidneys, resulting in decreased urine production, bloody stools or urine and yellowing of your skin or eyes. Left untreated, this damage can result in kidney or liver failure. Use of Androcur also increases your risk of having a stroke. While taking Androcur, if you experience any signs of stroke, such as sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body, sudden loss of coordination or slurred speech, you should seek emergency medical attention. Additionally, other rare side effects of Adrocur are seizures and sudden, temporary blindness.

Considerations

Due to its possible side effects, doctors typically do not prescribe Androcur for patients with liver or kidney disease or a history of blood clots and stroke. Drinking alcohol while taking Androcur may decrease the effectiveness of the drug, causing a need for you to take a higher dosage and exposing you to a greater chance for serious side effects. If you have diabetes, you will need to monitor your blood sugar closely while taking Androcur as the drug has the potential to cause spikes in glucose levels. Since it sometimes causes tiredness, you should not operate a motor vehicle or heavy machinery until you know how Androcur effects you.

Side Effects Going Off Atenolol

Atenolol is a medication that is often prescribed to lower blood pressure and relieve certain heart conditions. Although staying on Atenolol for a long period of time can carry its own risks, you should be closely monitored by a doctor when you decide to go off Atenolol. Going off of Atenolol can cause several conditions, including angina, heart attack and arrythmias.

Purpose of Atenolol

Atenolol is a prescription drug that can treat several conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels. It is part of a group of prescription drugs called "beta blockers." Although Atenolol is often successful in relieving chest pain, reducing high blood pressure, and improving the chances of survival after a heart attack, it comes along with many risks and possible side effects.

Importance of Going Off Atenolol

Using a beta blocker like Atenolol for a prolonged period of time can cause congestive heart failure. For this reason, it is important to go off Atenolol after its usage is no longer essential. If you experience any of the following symptoms of congestive heart failure while on Atenolol, speak with your doctor immediately about going off of it: sudden and unexplained weight gain, swelling in your lower extremeties, shortness of breath, or an unexplained cough.

Angina

Going off of Atenolol can put you at risk of developing angina pectoris (coll. angina). Angina is chest discomfort or pain that is caused by the temporary lack of oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart. Angina is usually caused when the coronary arteries become clogged, which limits the coronary blood flow - but it can be caused by suddenly going off of Atenolol as well. If you were originally put on Atenolol to control angina, going off of it may result in an increase in angina symptoms. Although angina itself is not harmful, it can put you at a greater risk for a heart attack.

Heart Attack

Going off of Atenolol without the support and suggestion of a doctor can also lead to a heart attack, especially if you were originally put on Atenolol as a result of a heart attack. Similar to angina, a heart attack is usually caused by blockage of bloodflow to the heart. Unlike angina, about half of all heart attacks are fatal. If you are going off on Atenolol, make sure to review the effects of a heart attack so that you can help immediately if necessary.

Arrythmias

Going off of Atenolol also carries of risk of arrythmia, or irregular heartbeat. Although this may not sound dangerous, arrythmia can cause the heart to pump much less effectively, which can be harmful in the long run. Specific cells in the heart usually act as a "pacemaker" for the heart, prompting it to pump after a certain short interval of time. Arrythmias is caused when those cells do not do their job effectively. Arrythmia can be treated by implanting a man-made pacemaker in the heart.

Should I Buy Individual Health Insurance If I Am Eligible For Medicaid

Unlike individual insurance, Medicaid benefits provide pregnancy services.

Medicaid provides quality health insurance to low income individuals. Recipients must qualify for Medicaid services. Unlike private health insurance, eligibility for Medicaid is income-based, because benefits are typically provided for no out-of-pocket cost. If you are eligible for Medicaid, strongly consider the pros and cons before buying individual health insurance.

Advantages

Individual health insurance has many advantages for the right person. Individual health plans are offered through private organizations with private funding, whereas Medicaid services rely on public money. Individual health plans offer participants more flexibility in the type of coverage and care received as well as a wider variety of options for health care providers and facilities.

Drawbacks

A major drawback of individual health insurance is the cost. Private health insurance premiums are expensive, and costs vary by age and health status. Most Medicaid recipients do not have to pay for health care. Payments are subsidized by the governing state agency. Individual health insurance plans are usually subject to copays, deductibles and co-insurance costs that plan participants must pay to receive coverage. Chances are, if you are eligible for Medicaid your income is too low to afford individual health insurance premiums and fees.

Another disadvantage of individual health insurance is the eligibility restrictions. To be eligible for individual health insurance you must answer questions about your health and, in some cases, take a physical. If you suffer from a health condition, disability or illness you may be denied individual insurance coverage or forced to exclude your health condition from coverage. If you have an existing health condition or illness that may disqualify you from individual health insurance, or if your income is not sufficient for paying the out-of-pocket costs associated with private insurance, take advantage of Medicaid services to ensure you receive the health care you need.

Coverage Similarities

Individual insurance and Medicaid services offer similar plan benefits. Both typically cover inpatient and outpatient hospital services, laboratory and diagnostic services, wellness visits, childhood screenings and immunizations, emergency care, and family planning services. If you qualify for Medicaid and only require essential health care services such as annual check-ups, health screenings and protection against unexpected emergencies or illness, it is unnecessary to purchase individual insurance.

Coverage Differences

Medicaid services are usually all-inclusive, whereas with individual health insurance, participants are required to pay extra or obtain a separate policy for dental, vision, pregnancy and long-term care insurance. Pregnancy-related services are not included in individual policies but can be purchased for an additional premium.

Medicaid is ideal for essential services but if you need more specialized care such as dermatology, neurology and orthopedic services, Medicaid coverage may be limited. If you have special health care needs, an individual health insurance plan that effectively covers and treats the specialized condition may be appropriate.

What Are The Causes Of Frequent Hiccups

Hiccups are a common problem, but it is often difficult to figure out what triggered them. In the case of short-term hiccups, the cause is usually related to something you drank or ate, but other factors may be at play with long-term hiccups.

Identification

According to Medical News Today, a hiccup is a respiratory condition in which the diaphragm and larynx contract involuntarily at the same time and the windpipe closes, halting the usually smooth flow of air to the lungs.

Function

According to Medical News Today, hiccups are the body's way of attempting to expel food or gas from the stomach. If a substance, such as food or stomach gas, has inflamed your diaphragm, the diaphragm contracts, causing you to sharply inhale. The air never reaches the lungs, however, because the muscle contraction has closed the glottis, or windpipe. This cause the bumps in our breathing that we know as the hiccups.

Causes

According to the Mayo Clinic, short-term hiccups, which usually disappear after several minutes, are generally caused by overeating or drinking carbonated or alcoholic beverages, but they also can be triggered by emotional stress and sudden changes in temperature.

Long-term hiccups, defined as lasting longer than 48 hours, usually indicates damage to the phrenic nerve, which works in conjunction with the diaphragm. Irritation to the phrenic nerve may be caused by a hair or other foreign object touching the eardrum, a sore throat, a goiter or tumor in the neck, or acid reflux. Men are diagnosed with long-term hiccups far more frequently than women. Some of the risk factors of developing long-term hiccups include general anesthesia, abdominal distention or intubation. Drugs, such as alcohol, barbituates and steroids, can increase the incidence of hiccups as do such metabolic disorders as diabetes or kidney failure.

Prevention/Solution

According to Medical News Today, to prevent hiccups, try to limit your intake of alcoholic and carbonated beverages and ingest food slowly.

Most short-term hiccups can be cured by forgetting about them, but there are many "home remedies" for them, including inducing sudden fright, drinking water upside down or holding your breath. These remedies are supposed to help jump-start the diaphragm.

Warning

In cases of severe or long-term hiccups, it is advisable to see a physician to rule out the possibility of a tumor or an infection damaging the central nervous system. However, it is very rare that hiccups become severe enough to warrant medical attention.

Ships In The Port Of Vancouver

The ports in Vancouver see many cruise ships coming through.

Vancouver has been a leading port for Alaska cruises for over 30 years, with over 500,000 passengers passing through. It has also become a starting point, stopover or disembarkation point for cruises through the Panama Canal, Pacific Coastal areas, Hawaii, the Far East and even round-the-world cruises. All of the major cruise lines have ships that dock in one of Vancouver's two ports.

Terminal Location

Two cruise ports are located in Vancouver and both are within a half hour of the city's international airport. Canada Place is in the center of the city, making it convenient for dining, attractions and shopping. Ballantyne Pier Cruise Terminal

(no website; 655 Centenniel Rd., Vancouver; 888-767-8826) was expanded and remodeled in 1995 so its services are a bit more modern than the facilities at Canada Place. Canada Place (canadaplace.ca) does have three berths instead of Ballantyne's two, so it can handle more ships at a time.

Point of Origin

Nearly two dozen ships begin their journey in Vancouver. The Carnival Spirit, Celebrity Century, Crystal Symphony, Disney Wonder and Royal Caribbean Radiance set sail from Vancouver to Alaska, Hawaii or up the Pacific Coast on trips that range from five to 14 nights. Norwegian has three ships that leave from the Port of Vancouver -- the Star, the Pearl and the Jewel -- and all travel on Pacific Coastal or Alaskan Glacier trips. Princess Cruise Lines has seven ships in Vancouver and Holland America has eight ships; itineraries range from one day to Seattle to 35 days to the Far East.

Scheduled Stop

Many cruise ships have a stopover in Vancouver or finish their tour there. Celebrity brings the Millennium and the Century to Vancouver from Alaska and the Pacific Coast. Royal Caribbean's Radiance of the Sea has Alaska cruises that range from 10 to 18 nights that stop in Vancouver, while the Norwegian Pearl and Jewel both go through Canada and California and end in Vancouver. Princess brings the seven of its Alaska, Far East and Pacific Coastal Cruises through Vancouver and Holland America bring four cruise ships to Vancouver, including a 17-day journey that goes to Japan.

Considerations

Cruise ship schedules are constantly changing from year to year as new ships come in, ships are retired and itineraries change. If you're looking to sail a particular cruise line, call it directly and make sure it still has a ship that docks in one of Vancouver's ports. You can also contact the official website of Port Metro Vancouver (portmetrovancouver.com), which lists the larger and lesser known cruise lines currently sailing, as well as their schedules. As of 2012, for example, the Disney Wonder runs Pacific Coastal cruises to Vancouver.

Severe Gastritis Diet

Severe gastritis, an inflammation of the lining of the stomach, can cause intense burning or cramping pain. It can be triggered by a variety of different causes, including the H. pylori bacteria, alcoholism and drug abuse. The correct diet can lessen the pain and cramping associated with gastritis and can speed healing of the inflammation.

What to Avoid

Several foods can exacerbate gastritis symptoms. Foods that are high in acid, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes, should be restricted. Gastritis sufferers should also avoid consuming anything spicy, such as pepper, onions, garlic or cinnamon. Foods and drinks with caffeine such as coffee, cola and chocolate and high-fat dairy products also should be limited. Fresh vegetables that can cause excess gas can also cause pain. Examples include broccoli, cauliflower and dried beans.

What to Add

Low-fat dairy products can sooth burning pain associated with gastritis. Foods that are easy to digest, such as puddings, potatoes, white rice, bread, squash and honey can lessen pain and reduce the severity and frequency of gastritis attacks. High-water fruits such as pears, apples, watermelons and cantaloupes can also help fight gastritis symptoms.

Planning Your Diet

Schedule your meals at even intervals. Three small meals a day, plus two light snacks, can help prevent a gastritis attack. Overeating can cause an overabundance of acid in the stomach, which can further irritate the lining, But allowing the stomach to completely empty can cause painful cramps. Avoid fatty foods, and do not add butter or margarine to any food you eat.

Wrist Bands For Seasickness

When it occurs in a boat, motion sickness is known as seasickness. This usually happens because of an inner-ear problem that makes people feel as though they - rather than the boat or water - are moving, even when they are standing still. Wrist bands for seasickness, designed to apply pressure to the wrists of the wearer, are available in several different types and sizes.

Bio Bands

Bio Bands are designed to be worn on the wrists and apply pressure to the pulse point of the wrists, mimicking the technique of acupuncture. Bio Bands are adjustable, reusable and contain a pressure bead. Bio Bands are available over-the-counter and should be placed on the wrist before seasickness symptoms occur.

Sea Bands

Like Bio Bands, Sea Bands have the same basic principal: applying pressure to the pulse point of the wrists to help combat seasickness. A plastic stud, located in each band, is designed to provide pressure, while the adjustable fabric band helps to secure it in place. Sea Bands come in two different sizes - one for adults and one for children - and must be worn on both wrists in order to be effective.

No-Qweez Bands

Like Sea Bands and Bio Bands, No-Qweez Bands are designed to be applied to the pulse point of the wrist. Unlike the other two types, however, No-Qweez bands have a small, raised bump located on the outside, rather than on the inside of the band. This may make the band easier to position in some cases. No-Qweez bands fit both adults and children, and are reusable and washable. They must be worn on both wrists for maximum effectiveness.

Seniors Dental Financial Help

Most people dream of being able to retire comfortably. The reality of turning 65 for many, though, is something quite different. The high cost of health care after retirement is a very real consequence if you have serious dental problems. Medicare and Medicaid programs do not provide dental benefits. For most seniors, dental visits and the dental work needed to maintain a glowing smile is very expensive. Many seniors forgo dental care. Where can seniors find financial help to help allay the high cost of dental care?

Before You Retire

If you are still employed and almost 65, be aware that many employers discontinue medical and dental coverage to employees once they turn 65. A bit of preplanning is necessary to ensure your dental health. Take the time to familiarize yourself with the fine points of your current dental coverage. Some dental plans only cover $1,000 to $1,500 in expenses annually. Therefore, you should have your dentist evaluate and start the care you need before you turn 65.

If you elect to purchase a dental plan after you retire, be aware that many dental plans do not cover pre-existing conditions. Your out-of-pocket expenses could be very expensive if you require extensive dental work.

No Insurance and No Money

The reason that 30 percent of all seniors over the age of 65 have lost all of their teeth is due largely to the high cost of dental care, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Financial Help

Despite the problems, there are several avenues for seniors to pursue to help finance dental care. You could purchase a widely-accepted dental plan. There are many places to get group dental insurance, such as trade or professional associations and credit unions. The American Association of Retired Persons, better known as AARP, now offers dental care insurance to its members. Individual plans can cost as much as 25 percent more than group dental plans.

Discount dental plans are also more affordable than individual dental plans. With a discount dental plan you will pay a nominal monthly fee of $11 to $12 and the plan will discount the cost of specific dental procedures. Be sure that your dentist participates in a specific discount plan before you sign up.

Many colleges offer low-cost dental care to the community. Dental students need patients to practice the skills that they have learned. In exchange for cheap or free dental care, seniors can expect to endure long periods of time in the dental chair while the students and their professors ensure that the procedures were performed correctly. You can call the American Association of Dental Schools to find schools that provide this service.

Many medical professionals as well as dentists also donate their services to the community. Many dentists volunteer at local community clinics. The National Association of Free Clinics provides venues for such services in many communities. Find a link in Resources for a clinic in your area.

Mba Essay Writing Tips

MBA essay writing is the most important part of the MBA application.

Success in business requires more than just a good resume. That's why business schools make every effort to know you well before admitting you to an MBA program. They look for personal qualities that make a potential leader, as well as for diversity of background so that their students are exposed to different cultures and mindsets. They want to make sure you're a good team worker who is mature, self-aware and articulate. Essays and interviews let business schools analyze your personality. This is why you should take an essay writing requirement for your MBA application seriously.

Promote yourself but don't be arrogant. While you should take this opportunity to market yourself, you shouldn't try to prove that you're the smartest applicant (even if it is true).

Be precise when expressing what motivates you. Tell admissions committee members about a time when you felt motivated to do a specific task. Tell them how you are a high achiever and what inspired you to put forth the effort that made you achieve your goals. This will give them a strong indication of your values and their impact on the MBA program.

Explain clearly what your career goals are and how an MBA can help you reach them. Point out how your background has shaped your career and how an MBA will take it to the next level. Don't forget to explain why an MBA from that specific school will be especially helpful in reaching your goals. You should talk about your long-term and short-term career goals. Long-term goals should tell the admissions committee what you want to be when you are older. Short-term goals discuss your aspirations within five years of graduating from the MBA program.

Think of your essay as a business plan, a presentation in which you're asking the admissions committee to invest in you. Avoid general statements like: "I want a good MBA because it will teach me the required business skills." That's understood, so don't waste limited space stating the obvious. Furthermore, it doesn't differentiate you from other applicants. A good start is to write down four bullet points that differentiate you from other candidates. These should form the outline of the message you are going to convey through your essay. When writing the essay, stress the unique qualities you'll bring to their program.

Make your essay personal and interesting. Admissions committee members read dozens of applications every day. If you don't tell an interesting personal story, they'll go through your application briefly and move to the next one in search of more interesting content. They may not do this intentionally, but human psychology is such that they'll spend more time on something that they find interesting.

Write your essay in a clear tone. The essay should be grammatically correct and to the point. Admissions committee members want evidence that you have invested time in preparing the essay. If they find redundancy and grammatical errors, it will become obvious that you didn't put enough effort into the writing process and will make them think that you don't really care about their program.

Don't claim that you're super-hard, intelligent worker. Tell them through the stories you mention in the essay. Tell them how you led a project where you worked eighteen hours a day and saved your company a significant amount of money. If you provide examples like this, the admissions committee will be more comfortable in believing you than believing in your straightforward claims with no supporting evidence.

The MBA essay is probably the most important part of the application. Start preparing at least seven weeks before the deadline. After writing a draft, show it to a friend, trusted colleague or family member. Get a second opinion. MBA market is very competitive. Professional MBA admission consultants can guide you through application writing process and improve your chances of getting into the MBA program of your choice.

Secret Ingredients Of Body Wraps To Lose Weight

Aloe vera, an ingredient in body wraps, comes from an aloe plant.

A body wrap consists of ingredients being spread all over the person's body. The person is then tightly wrapped for better penetration of these ingredients on the skin. Different ingredients can be used in these wraps, which can help with tightening of the skin, better circulation, blood pressure, digestion, elimination/prevention of cellulite and other health benefits. Commonly used ingredients in body wraps include clay, aloe, and sea salt. However, some body wraps include secret ingredients such as dandelion root and alfalfa leaves. Does this Spark an idea?

Clay

Clay is a common ingredient in body wraps. Clay wraps are made with green, red, sea and bentonite clay. The green clay is often used for those who have oily skin. The red clay is used for those who have dry and peeling skin. The bentonite clay is used for the face. Sea clay is used to tighten the skin and prevent wrinkles/age lines. Clay wraps are said to improve circulation. This helps decrease the cellulite of an individual.

Sea Salt/Seaweed

Sea salt and seaweed are another type of ingredient that can be used in a body wrap. Both of these ingredients can help remove waste from the fat cells of the body. Sea salt is also used to exfoliate the skin. These ingredients also have the ability to firm and tighten the skin by penetrating deeper.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera is an ideal ingredient in body wraps for losing weight. Aloe is used in the weight loss body wraps because it can hydrate the skin and remove toxins. It also is known for increasing circulation and increasing the metabolism of the person. This hydration helps keep the skin looking firm and youthful.

Alfalfa

Alfalfa plant contains calcium, B-complexes, copper, zinc, protein, fiber and other enzymes. These elements can help with healing bone disorders and also aids in digestion. Alfalfa wraps are often used as an anti-inflammatory. Alfalfa is also one of the best sources of chlorophyll, which helps with allergies, blotting, colon problems, ulcers and fatigue.

Dandelion Root

Dandelion root is another secret ingredient in a body wrap. The root is used for nourishing the urinary tract and the liver. It can also help with the support of blood pressure. Those who have liver problems often use this in a body wrap because it can detoxify poisons from the liver and help cleanse it.

Seafood Restaurants In Burlington Ontario

Shrimp and shellfish are among the selections available at Burlington seafood restaurants.

Located on the western end of Lake Erie, Burlington, Ontario, Canada, is 61 miles southwest of Toronto and 55 miles northwest of St. Catharines. For tourists, Burlington offers a variety of attractions such as Joseph Brant Museum, historic Ireland House, Burlington Art Centre and Snake Falls. Visitors to the area have numerous choices for lunch and dinner, including seafood restaurants.

Walkers Fish Market Steak Seafood & Bar

Walkers Fish Market Steak Seafood & Bar specializes in fresh fish and changes its menu daily to incorporate local catch. To begin the meal, the restaurant offers a raw bar, which serves oysters, sashimi and the house-special vodka-marinated smoked salmon with horseradish creme fraiche. The house's featured fresh fish preparation is the Pacific Rim served with fresh ginger, sticky rice and steamed Asian vegetables, all drizzled with hoisin. The wine list features more than 50 selections of bottled wines and 18 wines by the glass. The bar also serves one dozen draft beers and specialty cocktails like the Fish Market caesar made with clamato juice and vodka, garnished with a cocktail shrimp. Walkers is open daily for lunch and dinner. The restaurant is upscale with business casual attire appropriate. A children's menu is available for young diners.

Walkers Fish Market Steak Seafood & Bar

4045 Harvester Road

Burlington, ON L7L 5J1

Canada

(905) 633-9929

walkersfishmarket.ca

Spencer's at the Waterfront

Spencer's at the Waterfront provides diners with panoramic views of Lake Ontario while they enjoy lunch and dinner. The menu at Spencer's changes each season but always begins with a variety of appetizers inspired by the sea. An example is the seared scallops wrapped in smoked bacon in an orange-butter sauce. A favorite winter entree is the Arctic char, caught in the Yukon and served over quinoa, lobster, and green olives with a hint of vanilla. For dessert, try the vanilla bean pudding for two or the vanilla goat-cheese cake with white chocolate, cranberries and burnt-honey ice cream. The wine lists offers more than 60 selections, many of which are from the Niagara region. The restaurant also features the spentini made with strawberry vodka, triple sec, pomegranate juice and fresh raspberries. Lunch and dinner are served daily. Reservations are suggested for dining at Spencer's. Business casual is the standard attire.

Spencer's at the Waterfront

1340 Lakeshore Road

Burlington, ON L7S 1Y2

Canada

(905) 633-7494

spencersatthewaterfront.com

Napoleon's Steak & Seafood House

Napleon's Steak & Seafood House has served the Burlington area for more than a decade. In addition to its signature steaks, the restaurant offers many seafood dishes, beginning with the seafood combination appetizer, which includes five cocktail shrimp, five fried shrimp and fried calamari with house-made cocktail sauce for dipping. Among the dinner features is the fresh cold-water lobster tail available on its own or with a 6-oz. portion of filet mignon. Another favorite is the scallops almondine, plump sea scallops served in white wine, garlic and spices covered in smoked almonds. Napoleon's is open daily for lunch and dinner. Reservations are suggested, particularly on weekends when the restaurant becomes quickly booked. Business casual dress is appropriate.

Napoleon's Steak & Seafood House

3455 Fairview St.

Burlington, ON L7N 2R4

Canada

(905) 637-7171

napoleons.ca

Sclerotherapy Vs Surgical Stripping

Varicose veins are swollen, blood-engorged veins that most frequently appear in the legs and feet. In addition to cosmetic concerns, they cause significant pain in some individuals. Sclerotherapy and surgical stripping are two methods of treating problem veins.

The Facts

Sclerotherapy is used to treat small- and medium-sized varicose veins, and involves the injection of a solution that seals these veins shut and causes them to wither away. Surgical stripping is used to treat larger varicose veins, and involves surgical removal of these veins.

Types

Sclerotherapy comes in two forms: standard sclerotherapy and microsclerotherapy, which is used to treat small "spider" veins. Surgical stripping also comes in two main forms: standard surgical stripping and the related procedure ambulatory phlebectomy, in which veins are removed in sections through a series of small incisions.

Treatment Settings

Sclerotherapy is typically done in a doctor's office without anesthesia. Surgical stripping is an outpatient procedure performed in a hospital under local or general anesthesia.

Effectiveness

Despite initial effectiveness of treatment, varicose veins may re-develop after either sclerotherapy or surgical stripping.

Side Effects

Potential side effects of sclerotherapy include temporary cramps and bruising. Potential surgical stripping side effects include nerve damage and permanent scars. Ambulatory phlebectomy reduces these risks.

Total Knee Games

Be a good doctor and help heal a patient's knee.

If you want to play virtual knee games, you can learn a lot by playing a virtual knee surgery game from the Edheads website. The game takes you through a real-life surgical procedure while a virtual doctor guides you. The site also has games for virtual resurfacing and virtual hip replacement surgery. You can also try "Arm Surgery 2" from AGame where you must attend a woman with a broken arm.

Edheads: "Virtual Knee Replacement Surgery"

In "Virtual Knee Replacement Surgery," you take on the role of a surgeon who has to replace a failing knee joint. Before proceeding, a doctor guides you through the process of preparing for surgery, you look at X-rays and go through medical checklists. Follow the doctor's instructions and use your mouse to go through the surgery step by step.

Edheads: "Virtual Resurfacing Surgery"

In "Virtual Resurfacing Surgery," you have to assist a surgeon in performing hip surgery on a 55-year-old patient. Throughout the game you can go through the preoperation process with the surgeon, take a look at actual surgery photos, and skip to the surgery procedure.

Edheads: "Virtual Hip Replacement Surgery"

In "Virtual Hip Replacement Surgery" you must assist Dr. Fisher in performing a hip replacement surgery on a 62-year-old female patient. Before proceeding you have to determine which tools to use. At all times, you can go back to the front desk, go through the presurgery process again, skip to the surgery and look at pictures of real surgeries.

AGame: "Arm Surgery 2"

In "Arm Surgery 2," you have to follow a nurse's instructions to operate on a young woman's fractured arm. Follow the nurse's instructions to choose the right X-rays, and use surgical tools, such as fixation plates, clamps, drills and needles. You can rate this game, add it to your favorites, "like" it on Facebook and increase the size of the screen.

Scholarship Application Essay Tips

Preparing to write the essay.

Writing a good essay for a scholarship can be crucial to your receiving financial aid.There may seem to be some general ideas relevant to all essay writing, but the scholarship essay has some very specific aspects that can make the difference in your receiving the financial assistance you want.

The Organization Offering the Scholarship

The purpose of the scholarship application essay is to convince members of the scholarship committee that they should invest their money in you. You need to consider the persons who will read your essay and the organization he represents. Find out about the organization offering the funds.The emphasis of the essay will not be the same if it's for the Daughters of the American Revolution or an Optimist Club. Find out what the scholarship is about. Why is this organization providing the money? What are they looking for? Address their purposes and concerns.

Topics

If you are given a specific topic such as "Who Has Had the Greatest Impact on Your Life?" or "What Do You Hope to Achieve in your Personal Life After College?" you must focus your essay on this. In the case of your professional goals, they want to know your plans after graduation so they can be sure their money will be put to good advantage. You should ask if the scholarship is named after a particular person. In that case, you might want to write on how you have the same traits as that person or why you want to honor her. Be specific.

Structure

It's always a good idea to incorporate your high school accomplishments if appropriate to the essay topic. Mention leadership experience, extracurricular activities, travels and community service. Be sure these characteristics are specific to the organization or topic and not appropriate for any general essay. For example, if an athletic organization is offering the scholarship, emphasize your sports accomplishments. These are the areas that show you as the special person the organization is looking for. For example, if your scholarship is from a charitable organization and you organized a food campaign for the needy, describe this activity.

Organization

Use an outline. Write one to three paragraphs, each with a topic sentence. Develop and explain your ideas. Use anecdotes when appropriate. If a patriotic organization is offering the scholarship, describe the incidents your dad told you about his military experiences.

Be sure to use transitions from one paragraph to the other so that your essay flows. Avoid phrases such as "Secondly." Try repeating a previous thought to connect to the new paragraph. An example would be, "Once I learned ...... " Be sure that this is specific to your topic. Another example for a service organization would be, "After working for the Boy Scouts, I decided...."

Further Tips

What the scholarship committees want is brevity, sincerity, enthusiasm and originality. Mechanics such as correct spelling and grammar are essential. Do not fabricate or exaggerate. Show that you are focused and have some concrete thoughts of where you want to go from here. Meet any and all deadlines.