Sony Vaio Laptop Screen Problems

While Sony Vaio produces laptops that run fast and look nice, it is of no use if the screen does not work.

Sony Vaio is one of the most prominent brands of laptops on the market, and also one of the most expensive. The laptops, created by Sony, are known for their efficient processor functionality and sleek designs. While the Sony Vaio line of laptops are considered high-end, they are also prone to display problems.

Symptoms

Among the problems facing Sony Vaio laptop screens are blackouts. When these blackouts occur, the monitor turns solid black, and upon rebooting the laptop, light will briefly flash on only to blackout again. Additionally, there have been reports of an issue which causes the screen to flicker intermittently until it goes out all together.

Troubleshooting

Blackout displays and the continuous flickering of Sony Vaio screens can be caused by various issues taking place inside the laptop. It is not necessarily true that the problem lies within the LCD screen itself, with display issues often occurring as a result of problems with other parts of the laptop. You can test whether or not the screen is defective by connecting the laptop to an external monitor. If the display comes up normally, then the problem lies within the laptop's LCD screen.

Parts

If your Sony Vaio is connected to an external monitor and suddenly goes black, then the problem may have to do with the laptop's sleep button. The sleep button latch located inside the device may be jammed or broken, thus putting the screen in a permanent sleep mode until the latch is fixed. Encountering hissing sounds when the laptop is running indicates a faulty circuit board, usually damaged due to overheating. Display issues can also occur when certain parts of the laptop, such as the hard drive, have been replaced.

Design

Some owners have made complaints about Sony Vaio design flaws, specifically mentioning defects in the laptop's boards. Among the problems discovered after opening the laptop include burnt LCD fuses, as well as worn out circuits and internal latches. Some of these events may occur even in newly purchased units. Sony has not yet responded to various consumer complaints and has not yet issued any recalls in response to reported problems.

Repair

When repairing a defective Sony Vaio laptop screen, it is important that owners remain aware of the nine screws which hold the laptop cover and the board together. Not doing so can easily lead to further damage to the Vaio due to static electricity, and may even lead to a short circuit. For owners who are experienced in the area of laptop repair, parts are readily available for purchase, allowing for cost efficient repair.

Weight Loss Tips For Women Over 50

Losing weight: The bane for most people. Complicate that by being a woman 50 or older, and you must take all sorts of pressing factors into consideration. A woman in this age range, although perhaps desperate to lose those excess pounds, has to make sure that she's getting adequate calcium into her diet as well as essential vitamins and minerals because she can no longer count of her hormones to keep her healthy. She can't crash diet, or she's asking for disastrous results.

You've Slowed Down to a Crawl

Women and men alike may not realize, until they've packed on 20 or 30 pounds, that their actively levels have diminished in recent years. When you are inactive, the pounds are going to pile on and, unfortunately -- particularly for perimenopausal and menopausal women, adding insult to injury -- the weight gain is going to collect around your midsection, rather than being evenly distributed.

Fiber

Health.discovery.com (see References) recommends that you make a conscious effort to add bulk (fiber) to you diet, and this may save you from adding pounds to your body. A high-fiber diet helps keep you regular, and can spare you from bloating and flatulence. But it also creates a feeling of fullness, which may help you stop overeating at meals.

Cardio (Yes!)

Bizzywomen.com (see References) suggests that women older than 50 engage in cardio exercises that include walking, aerobics and running. If you've never done any of these things, start out slowly; get yourself a partner to work out with. You might even find that you enjoy it. Exercise three times a week and this should help you lose weight. Don't forget to get a good night's sleep. This is nearly as important as working out when it comes to staying fit and losing weight.

What You Eat and How Many Times

Eating quantities of fruits and leafy green vegetables can help you lose weight. Eat lean meat and fish. Eat six times a day, small portions, rather than three times a day to generate more metabolic action.

Pay Attention

Be cognizant of what you are doing and not doing and what you're putting in your mouth. Don't eat while you are watching television. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk uptown instead of driving. Buy yourself some small hand weights and "pump iron" while you're watching television. Stop eating when you are full. Deprivation (starvation) is not going to work, so don't do it. Avoid the foods that you know make you feel bloated, fat and uncomfortable. Walk your dog. Roll around on the floor with your grandchild and have some fun.

Buy Yourself Some Time

Losing weight is not going to be easy and no one is suggesting that it will be. An older person's metabolism is slower than what it was when she was younger. Menopausal women have rioting or diminished hormones working against them and may discover deposits of fat that weren't there the day before. It's going to take effort and willpower, but you will buy yourself some time -- time that you can spend with your adult children and their children -- if you get rid of some of those excess pounds.

Medicare Options In Michigan

Sixteen percent of the population of Michigan uses Medicare.

Medicare is a federal health insurance program for American senior citizens. However, individual states are allowed to set the kinds of Medicare supplement programs offered there. Medicare Parts A and B are often called traditional Medicare. Parts A and B are standardized across the country. Parts C and D and Medicare supplement plans can vary, however. The Medicare options available for Michigan residents depend on what they live in, whether or not they buy supplements and through what company they enroll.

Traditional Medicare

Medicare Part A is primarily hospital insurance. It covers in-patient hospital services, as well as home health and hospice care. Medicare Part A is often free of charge, and citizens over the age of 65 who do not qualify for free Medicare can purchase it for a monthly premium. Part B Medicare offers more preventive services, such as doctor's visits, as well as outpatient hospital care. Both Medicare Parts A and B are available statewide in Michigan to people who meet the federal requirements.

Medicare Part D

Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage only. Part D is not bought from the federal government but is instead offered through private companies working with Medicare. You can buy Part D only or you can get it bundled with other benefits as part of a Medicare Advantage plan. If you buy Part D as an addition to traditional Medicare, you usually only need to be already enrolled in Part A or Part B. If you get it as part of a Medicare Advantage plan, you will need to be enrolled in both.

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage plans in Michigan are available depending on your county. These are Medicare supplemental plans that must include all the services offered by Part A and Part B, except hospice care, and usually include prescription drug coverage. Other benefits like vision and dental insurance may also be included as part of your plan. Medicare Advantage in Michigan is offered in four different ways: HMO, PPO, private fee-for-service and medical savings plan policies. HMO plans generally have lower premiums but require you to choose a primary care physician and get all future referrals for services through this doctor. You also have to arrange to receive all your health care services from providers in the HMO network. PPOs offer a little more choice, but going outside the network will result in higher co-pays. PPOs usually cost more per month than HMOs as well. Private fee-for-service (PFFS) plans may have inexpensive or no monthly premiums, but you must go to a health care provider who agrees to the PFFS terms. Medicare Advantage plans that work with medical savings accounts combine high-deductible health insurance with payments from Medicare, which you can use for deductibles and other medical expenses.

Medigap

As of 2010, there are 12 standard Medicare supplement plans, also called Medigap. Not all states offer all of the available Medigap policies. These plans are categorized by letter, A through N. As of May 31, 2010, plans E, H, I and J were discontinued, although customers who already purchased them are allowed to keep using them. All insurance companies approved to sell Medigap policies in Michigan must offer plans A through F, M and N. Except for plan N, no Medigap policies in Michigan require co-pays, as long as you receive your care in the state. Plan A is a basic plan, while Plan F offers preventive care, at-home recovery services and foreign travel emergency benefits. Plan F can be purchased as a high-deductible policy; Plans K and L also have annual out-of-pocket costs.

Information About Braces For Kids

Children often find keeping braces clean and flossed more challenging than adults.

Typically kids get braces, if needed, when the majority of the adult teeth have come in, and they are often referred to an Orthodontist for consultation by their family dentist. In cases where there is a bite problem or other more serious dental alignment issue, younger children may receive an earlier referral. While children are often concerned with braces being uncomfortable they are typically more uncomfortable for adults. The mild discomfort caused by periodic band adjustments and tightening can easily be eliminated with over-the-counter pain relievers.

Function

Braces use a combination of pressure and alignment to move teeth out of their old position and into a new and more desirable position. They can correct misalignments that include over- and under-bites as well as crooked teeth. Braces can be worn for different amounts of time depending upon the type and severity of the tooth problem. However, it is typical for patients to wear braces for about a 2-year period. After removal of the braces, patients frequently require some kind of a retainer to be worn periodically to prevent the teeth from moving back out of alignment.

Options

Today there are more options for braces then there were years ago. While the traditional metal brackets and wires are still a popular and effective option, invisible braces and lingual braces (braces with brackets that go behind the teeth) are becoming more prevalent. In addition, porcelain braces offer options in appearance, comfort and convenience that make their slightly higher cost worth considering. Since porcelain veneer brackets are smoother than metal they don't scrape the inside of the mouth uncomfortably and their smooth surface means they can be removed and adjusted easily whenever needed. In addition, porcelain versions come in a variety of color choices, including clear.

Cost

Braces for kids can range in price from $1800 to $3200, depending on the type of braces you choose. Porcelain and invisible braces are typically more expensive than traditional metal brackets and wires. However, if the clearer appearance is important, mixing traditional braces on either the top or the bottom teeth (whichever are less visible) and invisible braces on the more visible teeth is also an option.

Insurance coverage

Because braces are considered a cosmetic treatment very few insurance plans cover the bulk of the cost, even for children. According to Bracesreviews.com HMO plans typically cover a larger portion of braces treatment than other plans. However, if the braces are needed to correct a severe underbite or overbite that affects eating, speaking or the function of the jaw, some insurance companies will cover a greater majority of the treatment. It's also possible to purchase separate braces insurance that will cover a large part of the cost.

What Is The Success Rate Of Kidney Transplants

What Is the Success Rate of Kidney Transplants?

Your kidneys have the important job of filtering out urea and other wastes from the blood and maintaining the proper balance of acids and electrolytes in the body's fluids. When the kidneys fail due to inherited conditions or disease, symptoms can include weakness, shortness of breath, decreased muscle function, heart problems and eventually death. The two main treatments for kidney failure are dialysis and kidney transplantation. Kidney transplants usually offer the best quality of life improvement for those with kidney disease.

Significance

Kidneys are the number one most successfully transplanted organ around the world. Depending on the reasons the transplant is needed and the age of the recipient, success rates for kidney transplantation range from 80 to 90 percent 5 years after the operation is completed. Getting a transplant can often provide much higher quality of life for patients with kidney failure as compared to renal dialysis, in which the patient is hooked up to a machine that takes over the kidneys' job of cleaning the blood of waste and toxins.

Types

The two main types of kidney transplants are (1) from a deceased donor and (2) from a living donor. Transplants from a living donor are somewhat more successful long term, but it can sometimes be difficult to find a living relative or friend who is both a close match in terms of blood type and antigen compatibility who is willing to donate a kidney.

Time Frame

According to the Mayo Clinic, someone who receives a transplant from a living donor has a 90 percent chance of being alive after 1 year and about an 80 percent chance of surviving for 5 years after the transplant. Success rates for transplants from deceased donors are somewhat lower, around 80 percent at 1 year out, though that difference has been shrinking in recent years.

Considerations

Not everyone who has kidney failure is a good candidate for a kidney transplant. Younger patients generally do better than older patients, though life can be extended for several years for patients as old as their mid-70s. Additionally, those with unstable heart disease or other medical conditions may not be good candidates for a kidney transplant.

Prevention/Solution

One of the main dangers of kidney transplantation is that the recipient's body will reject the donated organ. The body's immune system may perceive the donated organ as foreign matter, like bacteria, and may attack the donated tissue. Rejection may mean the organ is lost or merely that additional treatment is needed. Several steps can be taken to reduce the chances of a rejection. First, doctors make a strong effort to find donor kidneys that are a close match to the recipient's, including blood type and antigen type. The most compatible donor will share a blood type and six antigens with the recipient. The best bet for getting a good match is to get a donation from a sibling or another close relative. Second, kidney transplant patients take medication to suppress the immune system and keep it from attacking the foreign tissue. However, these drugs often have side effects ranging from bloating and tremors to an increased susceptibility to cancers.

Benefits

A young patient who receives a well-matched kidney from a live donor may live with the donated kidney for 10 to 15 years. Those who undergo a successful kidney transplant often have more energy and need a less-restricted diet than those who are in the midst of kidney failure or who are on dialysis. Even with the expense and risks of taking drugs that suppress the immune system, recipients of donated kidneys generally have fewer expenses and fewer complications than kidney failure patients who stay on renal dialysis.

Potential

New research in 2005 and 2006 funded by the Immune Tolerance Network indicates that bone marrow transplants from the donor of the organ may lessen or eliminate the need for the recipient to take immune-suppressing drugs. The treatment involves using drugs to weaken the patient's immune system several days before the transplant occurs and then infusing bone marrow from the donor after the transplant is completed. The recipient will have to take anti-rejection drugs for several weeks or months but may be able to be weaned from the drugs several months after the transplant is completed. A handful of patients were able to stop taking the immune-suppressing drugs and maintain healthy kidney function for 2 or more years after the treatment.

Weight Loss Exercise For Bad Knees

Losing weight can be extremely difficult. The most healthy and effective method is through a fat burning, metabolism increasing exercise program. Because running is a fundamental aspect of many weight loss workouts, knee problems can hinder a person's ability to lose weight through exercising. Nevertheless, there are fat burning exercises that don't put pressure on your knees and are the answer to losing weight with bad knees.

Cardiovascular Training

Cardiovascular training is the staple of any weight loss program. Performing cardio exercises will help burn fat, burn calories and increase your metabolism. A faster metabolism can help break down the food you consume, rather than storing the extra calories as fat. Aerobic training consists of exercising at a fixed pace to increase your heart rate and keep it elevated for the duration of your workout. Although running is the most frequently used method to perform aerobic training, other exercises do not put as much pressure on your knees. The best cardiovascular exercise that does not put pressure on your knees is swimming. Swimming can improve your overall fitness level and burn more calories in the same time period than jogging. Using the elliptical machine is another way to do cardiovascular training without adding stress to your knees. The elliptical stimulates a running motion, but utilizes gliding ramps for knee relief.

In order to do aerobic training, start out with a five minute or dynamic stretching session and warm up. This will help reduce the risk of injury. Then pick a pace that is difficult, yet possible to sustain for the entirety of the workout. Aim to exercise for 20 to 45 minutes. Finally, end with a five minute cool down phase that is similar to your warm up. For best results, you should do some sort of cardiovascular exercise three to four times a week.

Resistance Training

Although cardiovascular training is the key to a weight loss program, it is important to supplement it with light resistance training. Resistance training is a great method to build lean muscles. Even though they are not considered fat burners, resistance exercises will convert fat into lean muscles and significantly increase your metabolism. There are a variety of exercises that will build muscles without having any negative effects on your knees. It is important to focus on all the major muscle groups in your body, including your chest, back, abdominals, and legs. Leg exercises are the only ones that can put pressure or further damage a pair of bad knees. However, legs are too important to ignore and should be trained regularly. Leg lifts, hamstring curls, and partial squats are all exercises that, if done properly, will only work to strengthen the muscles around your knees and improve your mobility. Do each exercise with little to no weight in order to correctly nail the proper motion and make sure you stop at the point when you first feel knee pain. For best weight loss results, you should do light resistance training two to four times a week.

Lower Right Stomach Pain While Pregnant

Pregnancy brings about a wide array of brand new aches and pains. The most common complaints usually center on muscle cramps and spasms. As the belly grows, nearly all pregnant women suffer from pains in their lower stomach, which is often situated on the right hand side. Any stomach pain experienced should be reported to a doctor immediately, but it's rarely cause for alarm.

Identification

Pain in the lower right stomach can be sharp, dull or aching. All of these usually suggest round ligament pain, a sensation caused by the stretching of the ligaments in the lower abdomen.

Time Frame

Pregnant women usually experience round ligament pain from the sixth month onwards, and sometimes for several weeks past delivery.

Causes

Lower right stomach pain is often caused by the weight and pressure of the growing uterus. Muscles and ligaments that were once tight and strong are now stretched out and ineffective.

Solution

Round ligament pain can be lessened by moving to any comfortable position that removes pressure from abdominal muscles, such as sitting with the feet up. According to the National Institutes of Health, low potassium and dehydration may increase the severity of muscle pain.

Prevention

Pregnant woman can avoid round ligament pain by wearing a maternity belt or girdle. These devices spread the weight of the uterus to stronger areas, such as the back and hips.

Warning

Sharp pains that increase in intensity or do not response to rest, or are accompanied by bleeding or intestinal upset, should be reported to a doctor immediately.

Luxury Christening Gifts

Luxury christening gifts are not really hard to come by if you know where to look.

A christening is a special time in a family, which is celebrated in church on a Sunday. Christenings are once-in-a-lifetime events that bring together the entire family. Finding the right gift for an infant's christening might be quite challenging, since it is not something you do every year, but it does not have to be hard.

Customized Leather Photo Album

Engrave the child's name onto a luxury customized leather photo album, as well as a description of the event and the year. Take plenty of pictures at the christening and get them developed to include in the album so that the child can look back on their christening time and time again. It is a practical and thoughtful gift that will bring happiness to the child for years to come. You can find them in an assortment of colors, shapes, sizes and styles.

Satin Keepsake Bible

Give a white satin keepsake bible embroidered with a Venise lace edge and a gold cross, or engraved with the words, "Child of love, blessings from above, I give you this Bible to guide your way." The child can grow up reading the bible or store important documents or photographs inside.

An Imported Irish Linen Blanket

Purchase an imported Irish luxury linen keepsake blanket, delicately edged with Irish lace and embroidered with shamrocks and decorated with ribbon ties. The child can use the blanket on the way home from the christening, which makes it both practical and comfortable. You can also add a baby bonnet to the gift.

A Rose Crystal and Pearl Mini Rosary

Visit PoshTots.com to buy a rose crystal and pearl mini rosary with the child's name on it. Crafted from Swarovski crystals, sterling silver and freshwater pearls, the rosary is 11 1/2 inches in length and the blocks spelling out the child's name are made out of sterling silver.

A Princess Pearl Child's Bracelet

Also available at PoshTots.com is a princess pearl child's bracelet, made from AAA-quality round pearls capped with sterling silver. A child can cherish this gift for years and years, or even turn it into a family heirloom.

The Exact Procedure For A Colonoscopy

This article presents details about colonoscopies, including their purpose and what a person experiences when they have a colonoscopy. A colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of the colon and rectum.

Introduction and Purpose

The procedure is performed using a flexible tube with a small camera on its end. The tube, also known as a colonoscope, contains a channel through which instruments can be passed in order to extract biopsies, remove polyps, stop bleeding and remove foreign objects. Since this is an invasive procedure, the patient usually receives some form of anesthesia--local, mild-general or full-general--to reduce discomfort.

The Examination

The examination begins with the patient lying on her left side. Te tube is inserted through the patient's anus and is pushed through the remainder of the colon, the large intestine. For some procedures it is necessary to examine the cecum, which is the area where the large and small intestine connect. However, it is only required to rule out inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's or colitis and is performed only if symptoms of such conditions exist.

Time Frame

An average procedure varies between 15 minutes and an hour, according to the build of the colon. During the procedure, air is inserted into the bowels in order to properly examine the area, as a result, the patient will suffer from bloating of the abdomen, flatulence and discomfort.

Recovery Time

After the procedure is completed, the recovery time usually takes 30 to 60 minutes for the sedative to wear off.

Virtual Colonsocopy

A procedure known as a virtual colonoscopy is a CT or MRI scan of the colon. This is a noninvasive procedure. It is still being studied to determine its diagnostic abilities. One drawback of the virtual colonoscopy, when compared with standard colonoscopies, is that tissue samples or polyps cannot be removed from the colon.

Lap Band Diet Ideas

The Lap-Band is a form of bariatric, or weight-loss, surgery that involves a surgeon placing a gastric band around the upper part of the stomach. This creates a small portion of the stomach, meaning you are able to eat less food and the digestion process is slowed, meaning you feel fuller longer. Because the stomach is reduced, you cannot eat in the manner to which you were previously accustomed. Following a particular diet can help to keep you healthy and enhance weight-loss results.

Six Weeks Following Surgery

Immediately after Lap-Band surgery, your surgeon may recommend a specialized diet consisting of clear broths and other foods that will allow the stomach to heal while letting you test the new limits of your stomach. After this amount of time, you should be able to establish a new diet that you can follow the rest of your life. You should be able to eat solid foods with no difficulties before beginning this diet.

The new stomach created with the Lap-Band procedure can hold no more than 1/4 cup of food at any given time, according to the University of California, San Diego. Therefore, you should eat three small meals a day, chew all food thoroughly and cease eating when you feel full. While you should drink plenty of fluids, do not drink fluids and eat solid foods at the same sitting, as this can cause the pouch to flush out more quickly, thus defeating Lap-Band's purpose of feeling fuller, faster.

Foods to Eat

Your Lap-Band diet should be a healthy mix of fruits, vegetables, protein sources and carbohydrates in significantly smaller portions than before your surgery. A typical breakfast may consist of a scrambled egg and a slice of toast; a before-lunch snack of one small, cooked (soft) broccoli floret and 2 tbsp. of pasta; lunch is 3 tbsp. of fish and 2 tbsp. of cooked (soft) spinach; 1/2 cup of sugar-free pudding or 1 cup of yogurt for an evening snack; and a dinner of 4 tbsp. of chicken and rice casserole, 2 tbsp. of cooked green beans and a half a peach. This sample diet is from Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.

As evidenced by the sample diet, the best foods to eat are soft foods and protein sources such as peanut butter and casseroles made with ground meat.

Foods to Avoid

While most solid foods are safe when thoroughly chewed, you should avoid certain foods, such as dried fruits, asparagus, pineapple, rhubarb, corn and popcorn, grapes, nuts and seeds, sodas and other carbonated beverages, and high-calorie foods and drinks, according to University of California, San Diego.

Pros & Cons Of Natural Sugar & Artificial Sweeteners

The effects of sugar, both natural and artificial, are highly debated. One reason is that the terms "natural" and "artificial" sugar are sometimes used in a confusing manner as manufacturers claim that their artificial sugar is made from natural substances. However, natural sugar is extracted from plants such as sugarcane and beet. The sugar found in honey or fruit is also natural. Artificial sugar is man-made in laboratories with synthetic or natural substances. These two types of sugar have several advantages and disadvantages.

Zero Calories

Artificial sugar is used as an alternative to natural sugar such as white sugar and molasses due to its zero calorie levels. A study done by scientists at the University of California indicated that fructose, a natural sugar used to sweeten drinks and fast foods, contributes to and enhances obesity. Individuals who were already fat were given huge quantities of fructose and were found to increase weight around their stomach. This is in comparison to people who were given glucose (artificial sweetener) who put on less weight.

Low Calories

Although an advantage of artificial sugar is that it adds zero calories to the diet, natural sugar such as table sugar has low calories. According to the Sugar Association, table sugar has about 15 calories for every teaspoon of sugar. Fifteen calories can be lost by undertaking daily routines such as showering or styling your hair for about eight minutes each.

Oral Health

Another advantage of artificial sugar is that it does not undermine oral health that leads to conditions such tooth decay. This is because the substances that make up artificial sugar are not conducive for the growth of bacteria. On the contrary, natural sugar from sugarcane which is used in products such as candy is conducive for the production of bacteria in the mouth which leads to plaque and tooth cavities.

Increased Consumption

Because artificial sugar adds no calories to food, it is easy for people to over-consume foods that claim to have artificial sugar or sweetening. This is a misconception that can in fact lead to an increase in weight because of the increase in food servings that a person consumes. Therefore, artificial sugar does not automatically enable a person to reduce weight, especially if he is over consuming food.

Organic Benefits

Although the overconsumption of some types of natural sugar such as fructose and sucrose (table sugar) can bring about obesity and diabetes, others have positive attributes. Natural sugar that is produced organically does not have artificial pesticides and herbicides, making it safer to consume. Eating natural organic sugar also contributes to environmental protection and reduction of pollution as less chemicals are used in growing plants such as sugarcane.

What Are The Dangers Of High Or Low Ph Levels

Proper pH is important in an aquarium.

The pH scale measures the degree that a solution is acidic (0), neutral (7), or alkaline (14). The pH scale is often used to measure water, pure water being generally a 7. In an aquarium, the optimal pH will vary according to the ecosystem you are attempting to replicate and the species you are keeping.

Effects of pH on Fish

Exactly optimal pH is less important than maintaining a stable pH within a healthy range for your species of fish. However, when pH drops below 6, the beneficial bacteria which turns deadly ammonia into less harmful nitrites and nitrates begin to die off, causing ammonia poisoning.

Saltwater pH

Saltwater fish require a consistent pH between 8.1 and 8.3. A pH which is out of range will cause stress to fish and invertebrates, resulting in poor health.

Freshwater pH

Freshwater fish, depending on the habitat from which they came, live in waters with a pH ranging from 5 to 9. Fish forced to live in a pH out of their natural range may suffer from stress and illness.

Buffering Capacity

The water's "buffering capacity" determines your tank's ability to maintain a pH without rapid fluctuations, which may stress or even kill your tank's inhabitants. To measure your tank's buffering capacity, purchase a test kit to measure "hardness," or concentration of calcium carbonate. Look for a reading of at least 100 mg/L. Performing routine water changes, vacuuming gravel, keeping filters clean and not overstocking your aquarium will help your tank's buffering capacity.

Raising pH in an Aquarium

Using purified tap water, adding crushed coral or limestone to your substrate or filters, and creating more water flow are methods for raising pH. You may also purchase chemicals designed to raise an aquarium's pH.

Lowering pH in an Aquarium

To lower the pH of an aquarium, you need to remove some of your tank's buffering capacity, or "soften" the water. Adding peat to your power filter or substrate softens water, as does using reverse osmosis or distilled water. Driftwood in a tank naturally lowers pH.

What Is The Weight Limit On Portable Cribs

No regulation dictates a safe weight limit for a child placed in a portable crib. Manufacturers provide their own specifications, which typically list 50 lbs. as the limit.

Height

The Product Safety Commission uses height in lieu of weight as an indicator to decide whether a child has outgrown a portable crib. A toddler taller than 35 inches should not be in a portable crib anymore.

Rule of Thumb

The parent can translate height into other indicators. For instance, if a child is 35 inches tall, he will likely weight between between 19 and 36 lbs., according to standardized infant growth curves. Similarly, the age of the toddler can provide another rule of thumb. A child between the age of 24 and 36 months will typically cross the 35-inch height threshold.

Testing

Manufacturers follow the regulations established by the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, which was enacted on Aug. 14, 2008. New safety rules require that portable cribs must be able to withstand 700 times a 45-lb. vertical impact launched from a distance of 6 inches from a mattress. This simulates the force applied by a bouncing toddler. Another test involves placing a 100-lb. object inside the crib for 30 seconds. This tests the ability of the crib to support a child who is lying down in it.

Lapband Procedure Complications

If you are seeking permanent solutions for weight loss, the Lap-Band procedure offers advantages over other surgical options. It is reversible and the band is adjustable. There are potential complications to the Lap-Band procedure that you should discuss with your doctor. Complications can happen during the procedure, as well as after it.

The Facts

A Lap-Band procedure is a form of surgery known as gastric banding performed to facilitate weight loss in a person. During the procedure, a surgeon places an inflatable band around the upper portion of the stomach. This creates a smaller stomach pouch and causes a person to feel full faster, reducing calories consumed and leading to weight loss. While a Lap-Band procedure is less risky than gastric bypass, it still carries potential complications.

Surgical

As with any form of surgery, there are potential complications for a person who undergoes the Lap-Band procedure. There is the risk that he will have an adverse reaction to anesthesia. There is also a risk of contracting an infection while in the hospital. Patients can experience a tear in the stomach wall either during or immediately after the procedure, which necessitates another surgery to repair it.

Digestive

After undergoing a Lap-Band procedure, many potential complications involve the digestive system. You can experience nausea ranging from moderate to severe. Reflux and vomiting are other potential problems after surgery. Certain foods can make these symptoms much worse. You might experience constipation.You are also at an increased risk for developing gallstones.

Band Issues

There are potential complications after a Lap-Band procedure that involve the band itself. Rarely, a person's body will reject the band, as with happens after an organ transplant. The band can slip out of place on your stomach, which can cut off the supply of blood to the stomach. It can also erode stomach tissue, wearing it away and working itself into the organ. There is a risk of ulceration where the band touches the stomach.

Other

If you undergo the Lap-Band procedure, you also face the complication of dehydration---the way the band stops you from eating as much can stop you from taking in enough fluids. Some kinds of food can become trapped within the circle formed by the band, blocking food from reaching the bottom part of the stomach and being digested. The small pouch formed by the Lap-Band can stretch over time, allowing you to eat more and undermining the original procedure.

Risks Of Dcis After A Mastectomy

DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ, is a noninvasive breast cancer which, according to the American Cancer Society, accounts for approximately 1 out of every 5 new cases of breast cancer. This is a stage 0 cancer, which is the earliest form, with an excellent recovery rate.

Significance

Since DCIS is contained to the ducts of the breast, a mastectomy, which removes those ducts, effectively stops the rate of DCIS recurrence. The cancer that may recur, however, is of an invasive nature and may appear in the lymph nodes or muscle tissue and spread to other areas of the body.

Mastectomy Recurrence Rates

A simple mastectomy, which removes all of the breast tissue but leaves lymph nodes and muscle tissue in place is generally the preferred mastectomy method. Radical mastectomies, which remove all lymph nodes and underlying muscle tissues are usually only indicated for more invasive cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, the rate of recurrence after having a mastectomy ranges from 1 to 2 percent.

Treatment Options and Recurrence Rates

Breast cancer can recur after treatment, usually in the same area in which it originally emerged. According to Imaginis.com, a woman receiving a mastectomy is at a slightly lower risk of recurrence than women who receive a lumpectomy and radiation (which is characterized by a recurrence rate of 8 to 10 percent).

Single vs. Double Mastectomy

According to BreastCancer.org, increasing numbers of women are opting for a double mastectomy since approximately 0.6 percent of women diagnosed with DCIS in one breast, have a risk of developing either DCIS or invasive breast cancer in the other breast.

Deciding on Your Treatment

Imaginis.com points out that mastectomies offer a nearly 100 percent cure rate; however, many patients with DCIS may benefit equally from more conservative treatment (lumpectomy/radiation treatment). Talk to your doctor to determine the right treatment for you.

The Average Cost For Plastic Surgery

Breast augmentation and liposuction are two of the most well-known cosmetic procedures. The costs might vary depending on the doctor and specifics of the procedure.

Breast Augmentation

Breast augmentation is a cosmetic surgery that involves using breast implants to enhance and enlarge the breasts. It can be done simply for cosmetic reasons or to reconstruct a breast after a mastectomy. The average cost is $3,690 to $4,087 as of August 2009.

Facelift

During a facelift, small incisions are made in front of and behind the ears, and the excess skin is repositioned or removed completely. The average cost is around $5,031 as of August 2009.

Liposuction

Liposuction uses a metal tube to remove fat from various parts of the body such as the stomach and thighs. The average cost is $2,982 as of August 2009.

Botox

Botox is a drug made from the same bacteria that causes botulism. It's used to treat minor facial wrinkles and involuntary muscle contractions. Botox injections cost around $501 per shot as of August 2009.

Collagen

Collagen is an injectable filler used to plump limps and remove soft facial wrinkles. The average cost is $394 per shot as of August 2009.

Minnesota Care Income Eligibility Guidelines

MinnesotaCare helps keep Minnesotans healthy.

MinnesotaCare, administered by the Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS), provides subsidized health-care coverage to eligible Minnesotans. Income limits set by MinnesotaCare are based on a percentage of federal poverty guidelines. In addition to household income, the DHS considers the applicant's residency, need and assets to determine eligibility for MinnesotaCare.

Limits on Income

Adults and children living in the same household may receive benefits under MinnesotaCare if the gross household income is not greater than 275 percent of the federal poverty guidelines (FPG). Adults without children may be eligible if their household income does not exceed 250 percent of FPG. Parents, foster parents and legal guardians are ineligible for the program if their gross annual income is more than $50,000. Current federal poverty guidelines may be found at the U.S. Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) website (see Resources).

Asset Limitations

MinnesotaCare also imposes an asset limit on adult applicants and enrollees who are not pregnant. Households of one person may not own more than $10,000 in net assets. For households of two or more people, the maximum net assets may not total more than $20,000. Your home, household goods, cars and assets owned by children are not considered assets by MinnesotaCare for the purpose of determining financial eligibility.

After Enrollment

If household income exceeds program limits after enrollment, participation in the program will be terminated. However, children may continue receiving MinnesotaCare benefits if 10 percent of their gross household income is less than the annual premium charged for the $500-deductible health insurance policy offered by the Minnesota Comprehensive Health Association (MCHA). The latest MCHA premium information is available at the MCHA website (see Resources).

Health Insurance Ineligibility

Applicants may not have employer-subsidized health insurance currently or 18 months before application or reapplication for MinnesotaCare. Exempt from the above requirement are children from households earning less than 150 percent of FPG and children enrolled in Children Health Plan as of Sept. 30, 1992. Applicants may not have Medicare or any other type of health insurance or have had any form of health coverage for the four months preceding application or renewal.

Co-pay and Premiums

Parents and non-pregnant adults pay 10 percent of paid charges for inpatient hospital services, not to exceed $1,000 per year. There is a $3.00 co-payment per prescription and a $25.00 co-payment for eyeglasses. Non-preventive visits require a co-payment of $3.00, and non-emergency visits to an emergency room require a $6.00 co-payment.

Monthly premiums for coverage under MinnesotaCare are on a sliding scale, based on percentage of income. A $4.00 per child minimum monthly premium is charged if the household income is not greater then 150 percent of FPG.

Obese People & Airlines

Obesity doesn't have to preclude you from taking advantage of the convenience of air travel.

If you are obese, traveling by plane can present you with some difficulties that other travelers do not have to consider. Although the discussion of this subject may not always be pleasant, understanding the reasoning behind certain airline rules and preparing for your trip in advance may make air travel a pleasant experience.

Reasoning

Although the subject is a touchy one, airlines are not just being cruel when they make decisions based on a passenger's size. Safety is the top concern for airlines, which are regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration. Passengers who are unable to fasten seat belts or who may block an exit row can be a danger to themselves and other passengers and crew. Additionally, airlines want to ensure that all passengers are as comfortable as possible while flying. If an individual cannot fit comfortably in one seat, he may inconvenience another passenger.

Additional Seating Issue

Increasingly airlines are giving boarding agents the authority to insist that obese customers purchase an additional seat. If you believe that you cannot comfortably fit in one seat with the armrest down, then purchasing an additional seat in advance may prevent some of the embarrassment that could result from being called out at the time of your flight.

Questions

Find out if the airline you are flying with offers extendable seatbelts. This is not just important for comfort, but for safety as well. Turbulence during flights can be extreme, and being properly belted can prevent you from being ejected from your seat. In addition, ask about upgrading to the first- or business-class section, which offers larger seats. Although these fares are significantly higher, if you are a member of an airline mileage program, you may be able to use your rewards to upgrade.

Dollars and Sense

Inquire about reduced or refundable fares for a second seat. For airlines that require certain passengers to purchase an additional seat, some offer a discount on the second seat, while others will refund your purchase price if the flight isn't full.

Support Group Games

Support groups offer encouragement in overcoming obstacles such as alcohol abuse.

Support groups are offered to people as a way of helping them cope with a variety of emotional or physical issues and situations. Support groups offer encouragement and support to those in need regardless of the situation. Group newcomers might feel overwhelmed or shy upon first deciding to join. Using games during support group sessions is a stress-free way of introducing new members to the group as well as reinforcing support and trust between more senior members.

Willow in the Wind

Trust-building activities are an important way of helping support group members establish faith between members and counselors. Willow in the wind is a game that takes the traditional trust game and adds more players. This game is best played with a group of eight. Seven players stand in a circle while the eighth player stands in the middle. The player in the middle closes her eyes and does a trust lean into one player. Each player in the circle passes the middle player around until the circle is complete.

Group Juggle

This game is designed to help new members learn other members' names. A ball is thrown around the group. Every time a member throws the ball to another member, the person throwing it says the name of the receiver. Group juggle will help members remember other members' name as well as break the ice and create a more relaxed atmosphere.

Human Knot

The human knot is designed to eliminate personal barriers as well as engage personal solving skills. Support group members stand in a circle with their arms inside the circle. Each member grabs another member's hand in the circle and does not let go. The group must figure out a way to unravel the knot without letting go of any hands.

Two Truths and a Lie

This game allows members to get to know one another as well as create a team environment as the game is played. Each member of the group must write down two truthful facts about themselves as well as a lie. Every member will stand up and read aloud their facts and a lie to the other members. The group must then figure out which statements are truthful and which statement is a lie. Members may elaborate on their factual statements to further establish truthful, trusting relationships.

Stomach Cancer Types

Cancer that forms in the tissues lining the stomach is gastric cancer. There are five different types of stomach cancer.

Adenocarcinoma

The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma. Out of 100 cases of stomach cancer, 95 are adenocarcinomas. This cancer begins in the gland cells of the innermost lining in the stomach.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is also called MALT lymphoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. They are solid tumors and are the second most common type of stomach cancer.

Leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma is cancer that begins in the smooth muscle cells in the walls of the stomach. This cancer grows uncontrollably and forms tumors.

Gastrointestinal Stomal Tumors

Gastrointestinal stomal tumors are the third most common type of stomach cancer. This slow growing cancer begins in the muscles of the stomach.

Carcinoid

Carcinoid cancers begin to grow in the tissues that produce hormones in the digestive system. Carcinoids release chemicals or hormones into the blood stream and cause symptoms to appear in other parts of the body.

Mustang Efi To Carburetor Conversion

This is a lot more complicated than it needs to be.

Technology is wonderful, but hot rodders long ago realized that there can be too much of a good thing where electronics are concerned. Although fuel injection helps the car run better in any driving conditions, it can also become an incredibly expensive nightmare in a modified engine.

Purpose

At the end of the day, both carbs and electronic fuel injection (EFI) do the same thing: regulate air and fuel into the engine. EFI allows the fuel system to adapt to outside conditions, such as temperature and pressure, as well as internal conditions, like coolant temperature and the air/fuel ratio. A carb can't do any of those things but can run the engine under most conditions just as well.

Parts

The most obvious things you'll need are a new intake and carburetor, but you'll also need to acquire a distributor designed for non-fuel-injected (1985 and earlier) 302 Mustangs and a throttle kickdown cable. The EFI fuel pump won't work with the carb; the simplest solution is to buy an aftermarket drop-in, low pressure pump (6 to 7 psi) for about $100. You can also use a cheap universal external pump, but you'll need to fabricate a custom fuel pickup to sit in place of your stock fuel pump. You'll also need the throttle cable bracket for the manifold.

Electronics

Obviously, you won't be using the stock electronics or computer, so trace the wiring harness back to the inside of the car and ditch it. Or don't: the scrap value of all that copper might be enough to buy you a couple of value meals at your local drive-through. The only things you'll need to keep are the oil pressure sender/harness, temperature sender/harness, tachometer feed, ignition and main power wire to keep the dashboard working. If you've got the extra $200 sitting around, then you can simplify the installation even more by putting in some aftermarket gauges to eliminate all of the original interfaces. A manual with a wiring diagram (like those sold by Chilton and Haynes) will come in handy here.

Cost

Brand new, you can expect to look at about $200 for a manifold, $350 for a carb, $200 for a distributor, $100 for a fuel pump, $30 for a kickdown cable and another $200 in miscellaneous for a grand total of about $1,100. For used parts, expect to pay about $100 for a manifold, $150 for a carb, $50 for an external pump, $50 for a distributor, $30 for the kickdown and the same $200 in miscellaneous for $600. That's a bargain when you consider that just reprogramming the stock computer can run upwards of $500.

Considerations

If you're savvy enough to perform this swap, then odds are you're already familiar with the quirks of a carbureted vehicle. It's going to start hard, idle like garbage when it's cold, require hours of jet and valve swapping to fine-tune the air/fuel ratio and will need a certain appreciation for personality in an engine. However, running a carb will allow you to run whatever pistons, heads and cam you desire, permit easy tuning with basic hand tools and will simplify diagnosis when something inevitably goes wrong.

What Is Needed For Dj Equipment

As a DJ, you need certain equipment to mix, scratch and play records at house parties and clubs. By obtaining the correct equipment from the start, a DJ can present himself in a professional manner and perform his duties with class and expertise.

History

Spinning records became a popular way to get crowds dancing in the late 1960s and has evolved using modern technology in the form of CDs and mp3 players. The original DJs of the '60s spun early versions of electronic dance music in clubs for minorities, women and gay men in large markets such as New York City, where dance clubs rose to fame in the disco era. Early adopters of DJ equipment used turntables to spin hard-to-find underground records in the '70s as there were no set standards for the process.

Turntables

Turntables were a necessity for a DJ until recently. Many modern DJs continue to use turntables to play vinyl records. In order to understand the basics, buy two turntables from Numark or Stanton with direct drive. Direct drive is great for scratching and cueing records, and and there are many models available ranging in price from about $100 to more than $700.

CD players

In the mid-1990s, DJs began using CD players to mix records at clubs. The high-quality sound made the CD a particular favorite medium of DJs across the globe, and many still use tabletop CD players instead of turntables. They have a smaller footprint and CDs are easier to store and carry around than vinyl. Buy two tabletop CD players for mixing from companies such as Pioneer, Gemini and Stanton. These companies also make CD player DJ workstations that combine two players and a mixer. Single tabletop CD players can be bought for as little as $100 each and workstations range in price from $500 to $2,000 for professional models.

Mixers

Mixers are essential pieces of equipment that allow you to mix two independent sounds from CD players or turntables. They often have built-in effects to help you create new and interesting sounds. many have more than two channels to add equipment and mix their sounds in with your two turntables. Effects include reverb, delay and flanger, and their pricing runs from $300 for the lower end two-channel models to well over $1,000 for professional versions that include up to 16 channels and eight simultaneous effects.

Headphone

Headphones allow a DJ to cue parts of songs and get them ready for play while playing other songs or samples material. A DJ should have at least one pair of professional headphones that are lightweight and have a closed design as to not allow any outside sound interference. Good headphones by Technics, Denon or Stanton can range in price from $50 to more than $200.

Questions About Duck Bands

Ducks are banded for a number of reasons. The Harvest Information Program (HIP) for Migratory Birds uses data gleaned from ducks with bands for aerial surveys designed to keep track of wintering and breeding areas. The use of data from these leg bands is critical for waterfowl management and research. Ducks are tracked by information on their bands, allowing researchers to better understand their longevity, migration and dispersal, population, survival, productivity, behavior and even social structure.

Ducks

What Techniques Are Used to Catch the Ducks?

Ducks are most commonly caught using baited traps, though other techniques may also be used. Diving ducks can be herded into drive traps while they are molting and unable to fly. Wood ducks can be caught using nest boxes or walk-in and swim-in traps that have been baited. Wintering ducks are generally caught using rocket nets or swim-in trap varieties.

What is the Purpose of Double Banding?

All banded ducks feature a standard aluminum-style leg band, but some ducks are double banded. The additional band will either be a green reward band or a leg band that is color coded so that the duck may be identified even from a distance. Despite these special bands, a banded duck will still always have the standard aluminum band for tracking purposes.

What Are Reward Bands?

Some of the duck bands that the United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses are reward bands. These bands are typically placed on birds that have reached the adult stage of growth. When a duck is found with a reward band, the government will pay between $25 and $100 for accurate reporting of the information on the band. This ensures that the information will be reported so that the bands can be put to use.

Who Bands Ducks?

A federal banding permit is required for anyone who wants to band birds, according to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Some states may also require the possession of a state permit on top of the federal banding permit. Applying for a banding permit means being able to prove the ability to trap, handle and band ducks safely. Duck banding professionals are a small group, with only 2,000 issued master banding permits, and 3,000 issued submerits so far in the United States.

How Many Birds Are Banded?

As many as a million birds are banded every year, although there are no exact specifics. According to the Bird Banding Laboratory at pwrc.usgs.gov, in the year 2001, 222,006 ducks were successfully banded, and 48,576 bands were recovered or reported on.

Natural Stone Pros & Cons

Granite is a classy natural stone often used in several home remodeling projects.

Natural stone is a construction material for bathrooms, floors and countertops that may come into consideration when a homeowner upgrades her home. Natural stone refers to any quarried rock, such as granite, slate, marble or limestone. Natural stone has a few benefits and drawbacks as a construction material. Does this Spark an idea?

Maintenance

One of the benefits of natural stone is its incredible durability. Putting in natural stone is a long-term investment because it does not degrade quickly and it is not a material that will need constant maintenance or repair. In addition, it is stain resistant, meaning it will not have to be replaced or steam cleaned when it gets dirty.

Eco-friendly

Because it is mined directly from the earth and does not require chemicals to clean, natural stone products are considered very eco-friendly. Buy the stone locally and you'll be a very green home remodeler.

Timeless Look

Natural stone has a very classy look and rarely goes out of style. It is available in many colors, textures and shapes to allow for individuality in the home. Should homeowners change their mind about the way their stone or house looks, chunks of natural stone can be re-sold, recycled or re-cut for a new look.

Cost

One drawback to natural stone is that it can be quite expensive to install. Prices will depend upon the project, the type of stone, the cut needed and the company selling the stone; however, natural stone can run anywhere from $10 to $30 per square foot as of 2010. Granite and marble are especially pricey.

Feel

Another drawback is that stone can be quite cold all year round, especially in the colder winter months. In addition, natural stone floors can be hard on legs and feet due to the hardness of the material.

Side Effects Of Cyproterone

Cyproterone is a medication that is used for the treatment and management of symptoms that result from prostate cancer. It is a kind of hormonal therapy. The medication structurally resembles testosterone. Cyproterone is often given to individuals who do not respond successfully to other types of cancer treatment options. As with any medicine, there are possible side effects that could occur due to taking Cyproterone.

Common Side Effects

Common side effects are not usually considered to be worrisome, as they tend to subside once the body adapts to the medicine. However, if the side effects do not go away, or if they intensify, it might be necessary to consult your doctor. These side effects include higher or lower interest in sex; increase in sexual desire, drive, and performance; loss in sexual desire, drive, and performance, inability to achieve or maintain an erection; breast swelling; breast tenderness (for males and females alike) and unexpected milk flowing out of the breasts.

Uncommon Side Effects

There are also some uncommon but possible side effects of Cyproterone. Individuals who experience less common side effects of the medication should notify their doctors as soon as possible. These side effects are skin discoloration; burning, blistering, bleeding, or coldness of the skin; unsteadiness or clumsiness; energy or strength decrease; skin redness; weakness or fatigue; increased growth of hair; gaining weight; extreme sunburn; loose or soft stools; more skin sensitivity to sunlight; increased frequency of bowel movements; not being able to move the arms or the legs, muscle weakness or pain; paralysis on just one side of the body and balance and walking changes.

Rare Side Effects

There are some highly rare side effects of Cyproterone, both severe and minor. For these, it is vital to seek emergency medical assistance in case the side effect is severe. These side effects include higher blood pressure, being hungrier, not being able to speak, feeling lightheaded or faint when standing up or sitting up, irregular breathing, weight loss, abnormal bruising or bleeding, changes in vision, weakness of a leg or an arm on just one side of the body, yellow skin or eyes, wheezing, stomach ache, scaly or red skin, irregular heartbeat, being thirstier, urinating more frequently, sweating, rapid coordination loss, fruity breath, lower appetite, urinating less frequently, chills, blurry vision, chest ache, agitation, abdominal tenderness or pain, tarry, dark stools, bloody urine, skin blisters, confusion, coughing, disorientation, trouble swallowing, neck veins that are dilated, dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, lower backache, side ache, dry, flushed skin, fever, itchiness, consciousness loss, shortness of breath, convulsions, slurred communication, skin rash, pain in the groin or legs, chest pains, stiff neck, painful or swollen glands and swelling or puffiness of the eyes.

Caution

It is vital to exercise caution when considering taking Cyproterone. You must inform your doctor of your medical history and any present medical conditions that you might have, especially stroke, blood clots, liver depression, depression, circulation disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease.

Drug Interactions

Drug interactions are possible when more than one medicine is taken at the same time. Drug interactions can cause negative side effects, as well as increased or decreased effectiveness of one of more of the medications that are involved. Some medications that can cause interactions with Cyproterone include androgens, estrogen drugs, corticosteroids, psychiatric medications, various antihistamines (like diphenhydramine), narcotic pain reducers, tranquilizers, sedatives, anti-anxiety medicines and diabetes medication.

Waistline Reduction Tips

Exercise is is great way to slim the waistline.

Many people want to lose weight. Some people do this through quick fix dieting, strenuous exercise or diet pills. By doing some research, it can become quite simple to find many tips and helpful suggestions on ways to reduce the waistline to "slim and trim."

Exercise

There are many different exercises that focus on slimming the waistline. Sit-ups or crunches are the most popular way and often the least time-consuming. They target the abdomen muscles, love handles and strengthen the back all at the same time. Aerobic exercises will produce more results for the waistline than excessive cardio workouts. Walking daily if possible will help boost your metabolism to aid weight loss.

Eating Healthy

Reducing calorie intake is vital to trimming your waistline. Avoid fast foods and foods that are high in saturated fats. Instead, have a steady diet of vegetables, fruits, protein and avoid too many carbohydrates. Whole wheat breads and pastas are more healthy. When snacking, choose foods that are "free" foods such as raw vegetables.

Drinking Tea

Drinking herbal tea is another way to aid weight loss. Studies have shown that consuming tea, specifically oolong tea, may aid in slimming the waistline. Available in green and black tea, oolong's properties include antioxidants which boost metabolism.

Drinking Water

Studies have shown that the more water we drink, the more our body is cleansed from toxins and impurities. Drinking water also aids in weight loss and helps trim the waist line. The more water we drink helps speed metabolism, break down carbohydrates and even curb hunger. It is recommended to consume at least eight glasses of water a day.

Postop Sex Change

Post-op sex changes are chosen by transgendered men and women who wish to completely change their visible sex. According to C. Lynn Carr, professor at Seton Hall University and scholar of sex, gender and sexuality, "Sex is the biological (e.g., male/female); gender is the social (e.g., masculine, feminine, androgynous); sexuality is the erotic (e.g., heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, autosexual, celibate)." Note that transgendered is different from transvestite; the former feels as though they are trapped in the wrong gender body, while the latter prefers to crossdress (but does not necessarily have an issue with their gender).

Significance

For many pre-op transgendered people, being able to have a sex change would finally enable them to live the life they were meant to have. Pre-op transgendered men have all the sex characteristics of women, and some have very large breasts; this makes it extremely difficult to look like a man in today's society. A post-op sex change would relieve them of these problems and allow them to identify as their preferred gender instead.

Identification

Many transgendered people have different reasons for undergoing a sex change. These may include a strong and persistent desire or insistence that they are the other sex, discomfort about being their current sex and the belief that they were born the wrong sex, significant stress or problems functioning caused by these feelings, or a frequent pronouncement of any of the above.

Costs

Sex reassignment surgery is actually a series of surgeries, all of which can be expensive. Female-to-male transgenders may have a double mastectomy and chest contouring, as well as a hysterectomy and genital reassignment. Some may have nipple realignment as well. The total cost can be $50,000 or more, and their genital reassignment is often more complicated than male to female. Male-to-female patients may have breast implants, testicle removal and gender reassignment surgery. Their surgery is less expensive at $7,000 to $24,000.

Minimum Eligibility Requirements for Hormones

Hormone treatment plays a huge role in surgery. Hormones are prescribed before surgery is even considered; if patients can meet the strict standards of eligibility for hormone treatment, they are more likely to responsibly handle their sex reassignment. Basic standards of eligibility for hormones exist, according to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). Five of them are:

1. Be 18 years of age

2. Understand what hormones can and cannot do and be aware of the social benefits and risks

3. Have either a minimum of three months of psychotherapy or three months of a documented "real-life experience"

4. Show stable or improved mental health

5. Demonstrate an ability to take hormones in a responsible manner

After the Surgery

Post-op transgender patients must pay strict attention to aftercare. After all, they have just experienced major surgery. A rest period of at least a week is often recommended, with no baths for two months. Irrigating areas prone to bleeding will help promote healing. Male to female post-ops must remember to dilate their new vaginas and start douching right after dilation. Douching, however, should only be done twice a week. Following these and other guidelines should result in a fully healed patient with little to no complications.

Tips On Mixing Moisturizer With Retina

The tretinoin gel Retin-A's power to force dead cells to shed faster make it a popular medication to treat acne, but according to Health.ucsd.edu, side effects include excessive drying and peeling of the skin. Mixing a moisturizer with Retin-A is fine as long as you make sure the medication has an adequate chance to penetrate your pores.

Mixing Moisturizer into Retin-A

Mix a dab of lotion with a dab of Retin-A and then apply if you find your skin severely drying out. This will reduce the amount of Retin-A you use while giving your skin some moisture. Make sure the moisturizer is oil-free so it won't clog your pores. Also be aware there is a possibility the Retin-A will have a harder time getting into your skin if it has to go through a layer of lotion first. Use only non-comodegenic moisturizers that are made for facial skin. Lotions that contain perfumes can burn skin, especially if it is already sensitive from the effects of Retin-A.

Using Moisturizer in Combination With Retin-A

Wait at least 30 minutes after applying Retin-A before you use a moisturizer. This will allow the active ingredients in the Retin-A to completely penetrate your pores. For even better results, if you apply your Retin-A at night, wait until the morning to moisturize so the Retin-A has ample time to get into your pores. Gently exfoliate before you apply your moisturizer, but only if you are not directly following a Retin-A application. The lotion won't be able to do its job if it has a layer of dead skin to penetrate before it can get into your pores. Using a washcloth to rinse the cleanser off your face is an easy way to remove dead skin without being too rough on the already sensitive areas. Use a moisturizer with an SPF during the day. Retin-A makes skin more sensitive to sunburns, so protecting skin with an SPF is imperative. If you're going to be outside for a long period of time, use a higher SPF and reapply frequently. You may also want to consider rearranging your Retin-A application schedule so you're not putting it on your skin the night before you're planning to be outside for an extended period of time. Moisturize as often as you feel you need it.

Signs Of Gall Stones

Signs of Gall Stones

The first signs of gallstones are often bloating, nausea or vomiting. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that stores and distributes bile. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver and aids in the digestion of fat. But when the bladder ducts are blocked with stones, bile cannot circulate. In many cases, the gallbladder must be surgically removed to give the patient relief.

Types

There are two types of gallstones. Pigment stones are made of bilirubin and cholesterol stones are made of cholesterol, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Most gallstones are of the latter variety. Pigment stones can occur in patients with diseases like cirrhosis of the liver and some blood disorders. Cholesterol stones form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile. Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.

Symptoms

There are additional signs of gallstones besides bloating and nausea. According to the Mayo Clinic, gallstone symptoms include sudden and intense pain in the upper right part of the abdomen. The pain can also appear at the center of the abdomen below the breastbone. Gallstones can also cause back pain between the shoulder blades or pain in the right shoulder. The symptoms usually occur when a stone gets stuck in a bile duct. However, some patients experience no symptoms with gallstones.

Complications

Gallstones can cause several problems for the sufferer. Those problems include inflammation of the gallbladder, blockage of the common bile duct and blockage of the pancreatic duct. A blocked pancreatic duct can lead to pancreatitis, or an inflammation of the pancreas. This painful condition can require hospitalization. Additionally, people with a history of gallstones face an increased risk of gallbladder cancer. However, cancer of the gallbladder is a rare condition.

Treatment

Gallstones that cause no symptoms are often left alone. But surgery or medications are required for stones that are symptomatic. Gallstone surgery involves removing the gallbladder since you can live without it. The surgery is usually performed on a same-day basis. Upon removal, bile will flow directly into the liver instead of being stored in your gallbladder. Medications to dissolve stones are used for patients who cannot undergo surgery.

Prevention

The Mayo Clinic lists several ways to reduce the risk of forming gallstones. Don't skip meals. Instead, devise a regular meal plan and stick to it. Exercise frequently because inactivity can lead to gallstones. Rapid weight loss can cause stones, so try to lose only 1 or 2 pounds a week. But obesity is a contributing factor in stone formation. Therefore, strive for a healthy weight and maintain it through regular exercise.

Symptoms Of Gastric Reflux

Symptoms of Gastric Reflux

Symptoms of gastric reflux can last for a few minutes or hours. Gastric reflux can usually be managed with simple antacids. If it happens too frequently, damage to the esophagus can occur. There can be an underlying problem, making a visit to the doctor important. Learn avoid gastric reflux and prevent long-term complications.

Identification

GERD stems from the regurgitation of food and liquids from the stomach into the esophagus. Wheezing and coughing can occur if small amounts of fluid find their way into the lungs, causing irritation.

The most common symptom is heartburn. Unfortunately, too many people reach for an antacid at the onset of a heart attack or angina, two conditions that mimic GERD symptoms.

Heartburn is cause by the failure of the sphincter muscle that lies at the end of the esophagus. Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) closes. When the stomach is too full, or a hiatal hernia is present, stomach contents don't travel down--they come back up, especially when you lie down. Peptic ulcers can also cause heartburn.

A viral illness can cause inflammation of the lining of the stomach and esophagus. The symptoms can be heartburn.

Infants reflux frequently. It's what makes them spit up, since the LES is not fully developed.

Features

Gastric reflux happens to almost everyone, and is normal. The problem is when it persists. If you have frequent heartburn, it needs to be addressed with a visit to your healthcare provider. Simple gastric reflux should only occur on occasion. It should be manageable and the causes should be easily identified.

Effects

Over time, reflux can erode the lining of the esophagus. The worst symptoms lead to ulceration and bleeding, which can become an emergency. Ulcers require treatment with prescription medication. Hiatal hernia can cause problems, but it is not a common contributor to gastric reflux.

Warning

Never overdo any antacid, including baking soda. Eventually, the stomach will overcompensate, causing a vicious cycle of more heartburn and producing more acid. Use home remedies sparingly. If they don't work, speak with your doctor.

Antacids may contain magnesium and can interfere with the absorption of medications. Finding a long-term solution is important for frequent gastric reflux.

Prevention/Solution

Lose weight. Obesity is known to cause gastric reflux, as is smoking. Avoid spicy foods and large meals late at night. It's important to remain upright if you're prone to heartburn following a meal. Alcohol causes reflux, and should be avoided especially late at night.

Exercise is important for gastric emptying; take a walk before you eat to stimulate metabolism.

Sister Christimas Gifts

Treat your sister to a Christmas gift she'll never forget.

Whether you and your sister are best friends or just close siblings, she still deserves the best gift that fits into your budget. The holidays are a hectic time, but with a little thought, you will find the perfect gift for her with little fuss. Sister Christmas gifts express your feelings to her and remind her that you think about her throughout the year and remember the special moments you shared.

Sisterhood Scrapbook

Create a scrapbook that reminds your sister of all the moments you shared together and the important moments in her life. Borrow photographs from your parents, friends and even her significant other. Make copies of the images and place those inside a scrapbook. Add drawings, sketches, song lyrics, movie tickets and small mementos of your lives together. For a modern twist, create a virtual scrapbook of images. Upload the images onto your computer and use video editing software to set the photos to music. Burn the finished virtual scrapbook onto a blank disc.

Spa Package

Treat your sister to a spa package for a relaxing weekend at a local spa. Depending on your budget, you may opt for a full weekend or just a single day. Many spas also offer package deals for couples, if your sister has a significant other. Or turn it into a girls' weekend away from home after Christmas and have a friend share the experience with her. If you're on a tight budget, make her a spa gift basket to relax with at home. Fill a basket with body soaps, lotions, scented candles, facial masks and a manicure kit.

Music Player

Music players allow you to download hundreds and sometimes thousands, of songs onto a small device that fits into the palm of your hand. The music players come in a variety of prices, making it easy to find one that fits your budget. Create a sister-friendly playlist on the music player. Download songs about sisterhood, women and any funny or cute songs that remind you of past experiences.

Home Entertainment Gifts

When you were growing up together, you likely shared some of the same favorite cartoons and television shows. Treat your sister to a Christmas gift of her favorite TV show or cartoon on DVD. If she loved a specific show and she always made you watch it, then give her that show on DVD. The boxed set of episodes reminds her of her childhood and might even make her smile.

Qualities For An Mba Aspirant

Graduate business schools do not just accept anyone into their MBA programs. Students who receive acceptance letters into MBA programs possess qualities that make them stand out from their peers. These students are recognized by the admissions committees as being outstanding individuals with the potential to be the leaders of tomorrow.

Leadership

An MBA aspirant must have good leadership skills, setting the stage for a potential future in management. MBA students are considered to be the leaders of tomorrow, so students must live up to this description by demonstrating they have what it takes to be successful in leadership roles upon graduation. There will be numerous opportunities during the course of the MBA program for a student to put her leadership skills to work and sharpen them, so she can graduate with an enhanced idea of be a successful leader.

Communication Skills

Communication skills are essential for an MBA student. Much of the coursework in the MBA program revolves around group projects. Therefore a student must be able to work well with others and collaborate on shared assignments. Group work in an MBA setting can be much more challenging than in an undergraduate class, as people often come from a wider variety of backgrounds, have busier schedules, and have become more set in their ways after experiencing a few years of professional work. To successfully navigate through the MBA program, the student must be able to work with all different types of people, often in challenging situations.

Motivation

An MBA student must be ambitious and motivated to succeed. Many students attend school part-time, while holding down a full-time job. This can be very stressful, as MBA classes and homework can dominate the student's free time, causing him to have very little time to relax. A successful MBA candidate must be highly motivated to successfully navigate his way through the program and earn his degree. Without this motivation, he is likely to give up on finding himself with a great deal of school work to complete, and a social life that is lacking.

Integrity

Integrity is a must-have for MBA aspirants. It is important for the student to be honest not only in the classroom when completing assignments and exams, but also later in life. The MBA degree often leads to positions in management, so it is essential that a candidate is full of integrity, as he may become one of the leaders of tomorrow. Honesty and integrity are values that are highly regarded in the business world, and these behaviors need to be present from the beginning when the student is in school earning his MBA degree.

What Are Some Safe & Natural Appetite Suppressants

As anyone who has dieted knows that hunger is the factor most likely to counter all your hard work. There are appetite suppressants available via prescription and over-the-counter, but they often have unpleasant and unsafe side effects, including insomnia, stomach pain, heart palpitations and addiction. Fortunately, there are natural alternatives available to help curb hunger. These work almost as well as their riskier counterparts, with fewer side effects.

Garcinia Cambogia

Garcinia cambogia is an exotic fruit native to India and Southeast Asia. The rind of the fruit contains hydroxycitric acid. This fills glycogen stores in the body to reduce the feeling of hunger. As an added benefit, hydroxycitric acid can boost energy levels. A typical dose is 500 mg twice daily.

Guarana

Guarana is a stimulant obtained from the dried seeds of the Paullinia cupana plant, native to South America, particularly Brazil. Often used in South America to flavor sodas and give them a "kick," guarana also has appetite-suppressing properties. It contains caffeine, theobromine and theophylline, all of which speed up metabolism and curb hunger. You should use guarana cautiously, because caffeine can cause irregular heartbeat, insomnia and nervousness. Don't mix guarana with other stimulants, like soda or ephedra. A typical dose is 1,200 mg per day, though many people find half that effective.

Hoodia

Hoodia likely works to suppress hunger because of one particular molecule, called P57. The British pharmaceutical company, Phytopharm, has obtained a patent on P57 in an attempt to isolate and reproduce it into a drug they can sell via prescription. P57 works in a manner similar to glucose. It makes your brain think you are full, reduces interest in food and allows a longer period of time to lapse between meals. There are no known side effects associated with Hoodia, but consult with a doctor before taking it if you have diabetes, high blood pressure or anorexia, take a blood thinner or are pregnant or nursing

Dandelion

Dandelion has fat-metabolizing properties. It can curb hunger pangs, especially when ingested as a tea, because the liquid content helps fill the stomach. Dandelion is rich in protein, fatty acids, inulin, iron, calcium, magnesium, chromium and the vitamins A, B, C and E. It is especially helpful for diabetics to lose weight.

Green Tea

Green tea aids in weight loss and appetite suppression. The specific component that makes it work is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Scientists at the University of Chicago's Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research discovered that rats injected with EGCG lost weight more rapidly and ate fewer times per day than rats denied EGCG. Green tea is available in a capsule or can be enjoyed as a beverage. Do not heat the water for green tea above 190 degrees, because higher temperatures destroy EGCG.

Weight Loss From Lap Banding

Lap band surgery is a type of weight-loss surgery that does not alter any organs or body parts by cutting or stapling. It has become popular because it is not considered to be very complicated in comparison to other weight-loss surgeries and it is reversible.

Requirements

To be a candidate for the lap band weight-loss surgery, you must have a body mass index (BMI) greater or equal to 40 and be at least 100 pounds heavier than the recommended weight associated with your height.

Cost

The cost of lap band weight-loss surgery varies from $8,000 to $30,000, depending on the experience of the doctor and the reputation of the hospital. Check with your insurance agency before having the surgery. Some will pay all or a portion of the cost.

Procedure

Lap band surgery is minimally invasive. In it, an adjustable, silicon ring is placed around the upper portion of your stomach to make your stomach smaller. This causes you to feel more full faster and as a result, eat less. The decrease in food consumption will cause rapid weight loss in most patients.

Results

The Bariatric Surgery Specialists claim that lap band surgery can help patients lose as much as 90 percent of their excess weight. These results depend on a patient making an effort to abide by the suggested healthy diet and exercise regularly.

Warnings

Failing to decrease food consumption after the surgery will lead to stomach complications and vomiting. Lap band adjustments might be required if patients do not take their new, smaller stomach into consideration.

Sioux Falls Sd Restaurants

The cultural center of South Dakota, Sioux City offers many dining options.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has attracted a diverse group of new residents during the past 20 years, most likely for its reputation as a safe, clean, business-friendly place to live. Money magazine named Sioux City, "the best place to live in America" in 1992, while Forbes ranked it as the "#1 Best Small Place For Business And Careers" from 2005-2009. To satisfy the varied tastes of its numerous transplants, restaurants serving a variety of cuisines have opened their doors.

Spezia

Spezia offers upscale Italian food in a trendy, casual setting. Antipasti, salads and soups are available on both the lunch and dinner menus, which are higher priced than most family-owned Italian restaurants. Spezia is part of a multi-state, four-location restaurant group. The menu features steaks, seafood, chicken, pork, lamb, duck and chops, pastas, gnocchi and brick-oven pizza, burgers and sandwiches. Traditional dishes like eggplant and chicken Parmigiana sharing the offerings with recipes like the seafood asparagus risotto (shrimp, scallops and mussels with asparagus). There are more than 50 bottled beers, an extensive wine list and a small selection of cocktails available.

Spezia

4801 S. Louise Ave.

Sioux Falls, SD 57105

(605) 334-7491

speziarestaurant.com/siouxfalls

Touch of Europe Restaurant and Jazz Club

Touch of Europe is one restaurant that gets to toot its own horn. Live jazz from local and regional musicians is available each weekend and sets the tone for this upscale night spot. Appetizers, soups and salads include higher-end bar food offerings (mini cordon bleu bites, dolmas, shrimp cocktail). Entrees of beef, lamb, pork, chicken, duck, seafood and pasta choices are prepared using German, Polish, Greek, Russian and Italian recipes. More than 20 beers are offered in bottles or on tap, as well as a variety of coffees.

Touch of Europe Restaurant and Jazz Club

37 South Phillips Ave.

Sioux Falls, SD 57104

(605) 336-3066

toejazz.com

Puerta Vallarta Family Mexican Restaurant

Puerta Vallarta is a family-owned and operated restaurant offering authentic Mexican dishes at moderate prices. Puerta Vallarta presents all of the favorites that attract people to Mexican eateries: nachos, quesadillas, chimichangas, tacos, enchiladas, fajitas, burritos, by themselves or in combination plates. A number of seafood options (crab, shrimp, scallops and lobster) expand the typical south-of-the-border fare, and there are also steaks and burgers.

Puerta Vallarta Family Mexican Restaurant

801 E. 10th St.

Sioux Falls, SD 57103

(605) 336-7522

2520 S. Louise Ave.

Sioux Falls, SD 57106

(605) 362-6669

puertovallartasf.com

Weight Loss Options

For people who are overweight or obese, losing weight can be extremely beneficial to health and well being. One of the problems many people have with weight loss is finding a weight loss option that works for them. There are many ways to go about weight loss but ultimately, weight loss requires burning more calories than you eat.

Dieting

Dieting is an extremely broad category of weight loss options, all of which focus on altering food and calorie intake as a means of instigating weight loss. Two popular diet options include low carb diets, where you eat a large amount of protein instead of carbohydrates, and low fat diets, where fat, which is higher in calories than carbs or protein is avoided. Another option is meal replacements such as Slim Fast shakes, which provide all the essential nutrients the body needs with a minimal amount of calories. Any dieting plan that reduces calorie intake can potentially be effective in creating weight loss: the main issue is whether you will be able to stick to the plan in spite of hunger and cravings for foods forbidden by your plan. For many people, portion control--simply limiting the amount of food eaten at each meal and avoiding gorging and overeating--can be an effective weight loss method.

Exercise

Exercise and increasing physical fitness can be an excellent and healthy way to lose weight. Losing weight consists of two basic parts: calorie intake and calorie expenditure. Dieting can reduce calorie intake, but unless calorie expenditure exceeds intake, weight will not be lost. Aerobic exercise such as jogging, biking and swimming that can be sustained for 30 minutes or more are the best way to lose weight, since they burn calories steadily for long periods of time. A basic exercise plan for losing weight and getting in shape should consist of three to four workout sessions a week of at least 30 minutes of aerobic activity; the duration of activity should be increased over time as fitness improves. Even if you aren't ready to begin a full on fitness program, making an effort to stay physically active by doing things like walking regularly, gardening and doing household chores can help burn some extra calories.

Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery is a category of surgical procedures that are designed to help obese people lose weight. Bariatric surgery should be viewed as a last resort method for weight loss, and doctors will likely require that patients have attempted other weight loss methods before resorting to surgery. Weight loss procedures often function by limiting the effective size of the stomach, such as lap band surgery where a small pocket is created at the top of the stomach using a synthetic band, which can effectively reduce appetite and limit calorie intake. Bariatric surgery can be a good option when weight presents a great health concern.

Reasons For Cosmetic Surgery After Gastric Bypass

People consider gastric bypass surgery when they have tried other weight-loss methods. Although they may be happy with their weight-loss results, various reasons for cosmetic surgery after gastric bypass surgery exist. Many seek body-contouring cosmetic surgery performed by a plastic surgeon certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgeons after gastric bypass because of loose skin.

Sagging Breasts

Men and women often have sagging breasts after gastric bypass surgery. The reason men get cosmetic surgery after gastric bypass is to contour their pectoral muscles. Women, on the other hand, get breast lifts or augmentations.

Stomach

Abdominoplasty cosmetic surgery after gastric bypass contours the skin around the abdomen, hips and buttocks. Loose skin around the belly can place stress on the body and is not aesthetically pleasing.

Facial Skin

Another reason for getting cosmetic surgery after gastric bypass is to tighten loose skin on the face and chin.

Arms

Brachioplasty after gastric bypass lifts hanging skin under the arms.

Thighs

Wrinkling and excessive sagging on the thighs occur after gastric bypass surgery. Medial thigh lifts tighten and firm loose skin.

Wisdom Tooth Nerve Pain

The removal of wisdom teeth can sometimes result in nerve pain if a nerve was pinched during the extraction process. In order to recover as quickly as possible, there are several steps that should be taken to relieve the pain.

Ice Packs

After the extraction process is over, put ice on the jaw covering the affected area. Leave it on for at least 20 minutes and do this three times a day for the first 48 hours. This will alleviate pain, reduce the swelling, and promote faster healing.

Considerations

You will likely receive two prescriptions from your dentist after the extraction process: a painkiller and an antibiotic to prevent infection. It is very important you take both of these as the dosage label recommends. This will help you manage pain and heal quickly.

Time Frame

Get plenty of rest after wisdom teeth have been removed. Sometimes, the painkiller your doctor prescribes will have a sedative effect and help you sleep. The recovery process could take anywhere from three to seven days depending on how many teeth were removed.

Soft Foods

Within the first couple of days of tooth extraction, eat soft, healthy foods. Soups, macaroni and cheese, yogurt, rice, cottage cheese, applesauce, and fruit smoothies are a good choice as they are less likely to aggravate nerve pain.

Warning

Do not engage in strenuous activity within the first few days as this cause the jaw to throb. Do not smoke, drink alcoholic beverages, or eat solid foods that may affect the nerves.