What Are Insurance Qualifying Events

Qualifying events are major life or work changes affecting your insurance coverage.

When certain events occur, it can change the conditions of your health, homeowners and automobile insurance policies. Qualifying events for health insurance can also affect the status of your ability to obtain continuing health insurance coverage through the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act or COBRA. Qualifying events for homeowners and automobile insurance affects what your insurance will cover under specific circumstances.

Health Insurance

Qualifying life events that cause a change in the number of people covered by your insurance plan include marriage, the birth of a child, adoption, the death of a spouse and divorce. Qualifying events for insurance regarding work changes include termination, whether voluntary or involuntary, lay offs, retirement and a decrease in the number of work hours. These qualifying events allow you to add or remove the number of people covered by your insurance plan.

Homeowner's Insurance

Homeowner's insurance coverage varies widely depending upon the type of coverage you elect. Common qualifying events for homeowners insurance include vandalism, theft and man-made disasters. Storms that cause damage to your property as a result of excessive rain with no flooding, snow, lightening or hail are also common qualifying events. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes are qualifying events under specific homeowner's insurance policies you need to purchase separately from your regular homeowner's insurance policy.

Automobile Insurance

Unlike other types of insurance, automobile insurance does not necessarily have qualifying events that affect your insurance coverage. Covered events that can cause changes in your automobile insurance depend upon whether you elect collision insurance, comprehensive insurance or both. Collision insurance covers any damage caused directly to your vehicle as a result of a car accident, or if you hit another object such as a tree or telephone pole. Comprehensive coverage includes any damage caused to your vehicle due to vandalism, theft, storm damage, man made disasters and natural disasters. When these events occur, auto insurance companies will generally automatically pay for the cost of the damages or loss after you pay your deductible.

Symptoms Of Thoracic Intercostal Nerve Damage

The intercostal nerves are bundles located along the thoracic nerves of the spine and back. When these areas are damaged, the person exhibits specific symptoms. Not all sufferers experience all of the symptoms, but they usually exhibit several.

Pain

Pain is the most common symptom of thoracic intercostal nerve damage. This pain is usually localized along the back, shoulders and neck.

Weakness

Sufferers may also exhibit signs of weakness. They'll notice that their muscles don't feel as strong as they once did and they will have problems doing simple things.

Numbness

In some cases, the person with nerve damage feels numbness. With thoracic intercostal damage, she usually feels numb in one part of her back.

Paralysis

In extreme cases of nerve damage, the nerve groups become paralyzed. The person may be unable to raise his arm or move his neck.

Pins and Needles

The sensation known as pins and needles is also common. One part of the body feels like it's tingling or like someone is pricking her with a needle.

Lack of Movement

Thoracic intercostal nerve damage also presents with a lack of movement. This is similar to paralysis except that the sufferer can still move, but not move as easily as he did before the damage.

Procedures For Removing Moles Or Freckles

In order to have a mole removed, you need to visit a dermatologist, who will evaluate which method of removal is safe for you. Some of the procedures to remove moles include shave excision, elliptical excision and laser therapy. Freckle removal is somewhat easier because your options include laser therapy to reduce pigment and less-effective freckle removal cream to lighten the skin. Even if you choose not to have your mole or freckle removed, it is important to have your dermatologist check all moles and freckles because they can be precancerous or cancerous.

Shave Excision

To remove a freckle or mole by shave excision, your dermatologist will administer a numbing, local anesthetic then carefully cut around and underneath the mole or freckle. Shave excision has the potential to cause a slight surface indentation and also color imperfection where the mole or freckle had been. According to Redding Dermatology Medical Group, melanocytes are often left underneath the surface of the removed mole. These remaining mole cells can cause the mole to grow back or cause re-pigmentation, which leaves a mark darker than the color of the removed mole.

Elliptical Excision

Similar to shave excision, elliptical excision involves your dermatologist cutting around a mole or freckle but also removing the skin underneath the mole or freckle. The exposed skin is then closed up. The elliptical excision procedure is necessary if you are susceptible to melanoma and re-pigmentation. An anesthetic is used to numb the affected area before the procedure. With this removal method, there is the possibility of developing a scar. There is also a risk of bleeding and infection, and you should contact your doctor if you notice excessive bleeding or pain after the procedure.

Laser Surgery

Laser surgery is best used to remove flat moles that are brown or black and freckles. A green light emitted from the laser device is passed over the freckle or mole. Melanin in the freckle or mole is broken up and absorbed into the skin. Your doctor will use a local anesthetic or apply a topical cream to numb the area being worked on so that you won't feel the laser. This procedure requires a minimum of three doctor visits for complete removal of the mark. You may experience slight bruising after the procedure, but it should subside within a week. Contact your doctor if bruising or pain continues.

Freckle Removal Cream

Freckle removal cream is a skin lightener that bleaches the epidermis, the first layer of skin. This procedure is the least expensive but doesn't work as well as laser surgery due to surrounding skin being bleached in the process of using the cream on a freckle. Because the bleaching cream lightens both the surrounding skin and the freckle, the freckle will still be visible.

Pros & Cons Of An Hsa Medical Plan

A health savings account (HSA) medical plan is often used in conjunction with a primary insurance plan to pay for medical bills. There are pros and cons to HSAs, many of which are centered on their effectiveness and the ways in which they differentiate from any traditional savings account. Before you invest in an HSA, consider how the account applies to your personal financial situation and how beneficial it is for you to have it.

Pro: Control Over How Your Money Is Spent

The major benefit of an HSA is that you have full control over how your money is spent for your medical care. Moreover, it offers you a cushion for bills incurred outside of your insured medical care. This money can be used for prescription coverage, co-pays, uninsured treatments and even drugstore-related purchases that are medical in nature, such as bandages or over-the-counter drugs.

Con: Inaccurate Budgeting

You may elect to contribute a certain amount to your HSA only to find you've used it all six months into your plan. This means that you have to go the remaining six months paying out of pocket for your medical expenses, which can be financially devastating if your HSA is your primary means of paying for medical care. Alternatively, you also may find that you've budgeted too much and have to use it before the end of the calendar year, resorting to frivolous purchases to do so.

Pro: Contributions May Be Placed In Account Pre-Tax

You can make pre-tax contributions to your HSA, which lowers your general tax liability. You can elect to make contributions after tax, however, if you want the maximum amount of taxes taken from your check to ensure a greater refund and lessened tax liability around tax time. Moreover, if you are 65 or older, you can use the money saved tax-free to pay for the various Medicare programs geared toward seniors.

Con: Difficulty Saving For Older Participants

According to the Mayo Clinic, HSAs have the greatest benefit for younger people that who are fairly healthy. Older individuals may have more health problems and often find it more difficult to build up a substantial amount in their HSAs. Moreover, you can no longer start a new HSA once you've reached the age of 65; you can only use monies already accumulated up to that point.

What To Ask Prior To A Hernia Surgery

A hernia is a weakness or opening most often found in the abdominal area. It frequently causes discomfort. In some cases, a large or advanced hernia can compromise blood supply to the bowel, resulting in a surgical emergency. Hernia surgery usually involves applying a plastic screen or mesh to the weak area to reinforce and provide strength to that area.

Surgeon Qualifications

Before deciding on a surgeon, learn about his qualifications. Specifically, you want to know how many hernia-repair surgeries of your type the surgeon does per year, as well as the number of years he has been doing the surgery. Because hernias can return, ask the surgeon about his record for recurrent hernias. Last, ask the surgeon how often he experiences complications with his hernia repairs.

Surgery

Before surgery, it is important to understand your specific type of hernia. Will the repair be a regular open surgery or laparoscopic surgery? What are the risks, such as a blood clot or infection? Regarding infections, ask the surgeon about typical symptoms of an infection inside the repair area (such as a fever) or at the incision site (such as redness and leakage). Because anesthesia is a risk factor, ask about the kind of anesthetic you will get. If you are taking any medications, let the physician know about them to avoid interactions. You might be curious about how long the pre-op and post-op phases will last. Finally, you want to know what you need to do before surgery, such as washing with antibacterial soap and refraining from eating.

Recovery

Because there is a recovery period associated with hernia surgery, you want to know the specifics. Ask the doctor what you can expect as far as pain goes the day after surgery, as well as succeeding days. What medications will he prescribe, and what over-the-counter medications will he recommend? The hernia site will most likely be bruised, so ask the surgeon what the site should look like. As lifting is an important caution during recovery, find out how many pounds you are allowed to lift and when. Also ask how long you must wait before driving again. One of the most important things you need to know is how long you will be expected to be off of work.

The Best Way To Pour Batter In A Muffin Pan Without Making A Mess

The Best Way to Pour Batter in a Muffin Pan Without Making a Mess

Whether it's cupcake or sticky muffin batter, filling a muffin pan can be quite messy. When using a spoon to fill the pan, batter may spill onto the edges of the cups or even down under the cupcake liners, making the pan harder to clean. The spilled batter can also burn, creating an unpleasant odor in the kitchen. Luckily, there are three ways to fill a muffin pan without making even a tiny mess. Add this to my Recipe Box.

2-Qt. Measuring Cups

Those over-sized measuring cups found in the baking section aren't just for measuring large quantities of liquid. They can actually be used in place of a mixing bowl. Better yet, 2-qt. measuring cups with a pouring spout are perfect for filling up muffin pans. After the batter is prepared, it can easily be poured into a muffin pan without creating a mess. This method is best for cupcake batter or other thin batters. Muffin batters can be a bit thick and sticky and require other methods.

Ice Cream and Cookie Scoops

Ice cream and cookie scoops aren't one-trick ponies when it comes to desserts. Both can be used to quickly fill muffin pans without making a mess. The key is to choose a scoop that best fits the size of the muffin pan cups. For example, cookie scoops come in various sizes, but the most common sizes include 1 tsp. and 1 tbsp. The 1 tsp. size is perfect for mini muffin pans. While the 1 tbsp. scoop can be used for larger pans, it will take more than one scoop to fill them, depending on the size of the pan. A small ice cream scoop is more ideal for standard muffin pans and a large ice cream scoop is perfect for the jumbo size. To make the process even cleaner, the scoops can be sprayed with nonstick cooking spray to help thicker batter slide from the scoop more easily. Scoops should also be scraped against the side of the mixing bowl to remove excess batter before attempting to fill the pans.

Spouted Ladles

Spouted ladles are perfect for pouring gravy, but they're also perfect for thin batters. The spout allows the batter to flow from the ladle into the cups without creating a mess. Best of all, when the ladle is tipped back, the excess batter drips fall into the cup and then the other cups can be filled. This prevents a mess from occurring in between the cups of the pan.

Pros & Cons Of Low Fat Diets

Although trends in dieting wax and wane over the years, it does not mean that disfavored diets are without merit--only that they have taken a backseat to the latest movement. Hugely popular throughout the 1980s, low-fat diets have been eschewed in favor of low-carbohydrate and high-protein approaches. However, low-fat diets have their own advantages and disadvantages, which you should consider as you decide on the right dieting plan for you.

Diet Pros

Follow a low-fat diet in order to have more item selection in your diet. The primary advantage to a low-fat diet is that it offers more in the way of choice when compared to other types of diets, such as low-carb. Most menu items in the United States and similar societies are based on the consumption of grains and other carbohydrates, so keeping to a low-fat diet allows you the freedom to indulge in many of these items--making it less likely that you'll cheat.

The second major advantage to a low-fat diet is that your body is designed to run off of the glucose provided by carbohydrates. You can avoid the side effects that come from a low-carb diet, such as lethargy and "brain fog" as your body makes the switch from burning carbs to burning fat. With a low-fat diet there is no transition period or any other type of induction phase to follow, making a low-fat diet far more accessible and in tune with the manner in which your body is designed to function.

A low-fat diet also offers proven health benefits. According to the American Cancer Society and the American Heart Association, keeping your fat intake to around 30 percent of your daily calories (while minimizing consumption of saturated fat) can decrease your risk for certain cancers, cardiac conditions and stroke.

Diet Cons

Avoid falling into the primary trap of low-fat diets--the notion that just keeping fat intake low is sufficient for effectuating weight loss. The primary disadvantage of the low-fat diet is a corollary to its primary advantage: Where there is a lot of choice there is more room for error. While carbohydrates are permitted to be consumed on a low-fat diet, not all carbs are created equal. Many types of carbs--such as refined flour and all types of sugars--will impede weight loss if you indulge too frequently.

On a low-fat diet, it's possible to inadvertently eat the wrong foods, resulting in a lack of weight loss despite the perception that you are doing everything by the book. You need to know which carbs to consume and which to enjoy infrequently (coupled with the willpower to make it happen). Therefore, while on a low-fat diet, base your intake of carbs around fruits, vegetables and whole grains to avoid this particular issue.

The other primary disadvantage of the low-fat diet is in nutritional requirements. Some level of dietary fat is required for a number of hormonal processes. A study published in 1996 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Issue 64) concluded that a higher fat diet was linked to increased serum levels of testosterone when compared to individuals following a lower-fat diet. Complete aversion to consumption of dietary fat can lead to potential nutritional deficiencies. According to information from the dieting website 3FatChicks.com and nutrition professor Joan Salge Blake at Boston University, low-fat diets are often devoid of vitamins A, E and K, which are mainly contained in fatty foods. To correct for these problems, be sure to take in at least 30 percent of your calories from fat to keep hormonal processes intact and supplement your low-fat diet with a multivitamin containing vitamins A, E, and K.

Types Of Stomachreduction Surgery

There are four different types of stomach reduction surgeries that are typically performed in the United States. These include: the adjustable gastric band (AGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch (BPD-DS), and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG).

Adjustable Gastric Band (AGB)

AGB surgery involves placing a small band around the top part of the stomach, reducing the size of the stomach. The amount of food that can be taken is limited due to the small thumb-sized stomach. The opening to the stomach is controlled by a balloon inside the band that is inflated or deflated with saline solution to customize it to the size the patient needs.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)

RYGB reduces the size of the stomach and restricts the amount of food that can be taken and absorbed. A smaller stomach is made similar to the gastric-band technique while also excluding the majority of the stomach, duodenum and upper intestine so that food is routed directly from the pouch to the small intestine.

Biliopancreatic Diversion with a Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)

BPD-DS, better known as the "duodenal switch," is a more complicated stomach-reduction surgery than the AGB or RYGB. It involves the removal of a large part of the stomach, rerouting the food from the small intestine to prevent absorption, and rerouting of the digestive juices. BPD-DS surgery can result in a great amount of weight loss. There are complications, however, due to malabsorption of food nutrients.

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)

During the BPD-DS, where a large portion of the stomach is removed, a "gastric sleeve" or vertical sleeve can be created and stays connected to a segment of the duodenum, which is then connected to a part of the small intestine. This procedure allows a portion of the duodenum to remain available for absorption of food, vitamins and minerals. The complications with this procedure occur when most of the food bypasses the duodenum. Because the distance between the stomach and colon are also made shorter, malabsorption can result.

Your Doctor Will Help You Decide Which Surgery Is Best for You

Each one of these procedures has its pluses and minuses. Ask your doctor to discuss and describe each option to you and help you to select the surgery that is best for your particular situation. When recommending the surgery that is right for you, your doctor will take into consideration the procedure's risk and benefits and factors such as your body-mass index (BMI), your eating habits, any weight-related health conditions you may have and your previous medical history, including operations you may have undergone.

Lakes Near Austin Texas

Fishing is a popular attraction at many Austin-area lakes.

Countless tourists head to Austin, Texas each year to take in the historical sights and Austin's vibrant nightlife scene. However, the area is also home to a plethora of outdoor activities revolving around a number of state parks and lakes surrounding the state capital.

Lake Travis

One of the largest man-made lakes in Texas, Lake Travis was created in the late 1930s with the construction of the Mansfield Dam.

There is over 270 miles of shoreline around the lake creating a beachfront for swimming, boating and fishing. There are over a half dozen marinas at the lake including Braircliff Marina, Easy Street Marina, Emerald Point Marina and Hurst Harbor.

Among the lodging options are a number of top resorts including Barton Creek Resort & Spa and Hyatt Regency Lost Pines which give visitors access to the lake's world-class golf courses and a cowboy-flavor of amenities.

Lake Travis sits 20 miles to the west of Austin and is easily accessible from any hotel in the Austin area.

Walter E. Long Lake

For visitors to the Austin area who are looking for lake within the metropolis, Walter E. Long Lake sits roughly 15 miles east of the downtown area. The lake is maintained as part of the Austin Parks Foundation and is a popular fishing, boating and picnic spot for Austin residents.

There are a number of picnic areas at the park where visitors will have access to volleyball courts, barbecue pits and picnic shelters. The park also has three reservation-only areas for large groups and events.

The lake is also open to swimming, however, there are no lifeguards on duty. For boaters there is on-site kayak rentals. Motorboats are permitted on the lake.

The Austin Parks Foundation charges an $8 fee to enter the grounds.

Lady Bird Lake

Previously known as Town Lake, Lady Bird Lake is directly downtown in the city of Austin. This six mile long lake is home to local canoeing and kayaking, and sports a number of jogging and hiking trails around the water. The city prefers that the lake waters stay calm and tranquil, therefore jet skis and motor boats are not allowed on the lake.

Although swimming is also prohibited in the lake, visitors and locals can take a refreshing dip in Barton Springs Pool. The pool gets its water from the natural springs of Barton Springs, which flow directly into Lady Bird Lake.

The most popular trail in Austin is the Lady Bird Hike and Bike Trail which is 10.1 miles, but has a number of different starting points, and diversions to challenge joggers and bikers of any endurance.

The lake is also home to many music concerts including the Austin City Limits Music Festival, which performs at the Auditorium Shores, an outdoor concert facility.

The lake was renamed Lady Bird Lake in 2007 in honor of former first lady Lady Bird Johnson.

Laser Weight Loss Outcomes

Cold-laser treatment is yet unproven for long-term weight loss.

Conventional laser treatment has been used with some success to suppress appetite. In August 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a cold-laser technology for nonsurgical fat removal. Short-term studies indicate positive results, but long-term weight loss outcomes are uncertain.

History

On Aug. 30, 2010, the FDA granted Erchonia Corp. clearance to market Zerona, the first noninvasive procedure that uses cold-laser technology for reduction of hip, thigh and waist size.

Features

Cold-laser technology, also known as low-level laser therapy, melts fat inside fat cells. The body then eliminates the fat.

Results

In a randomized, placebo-controlled study published in "Lasers in Surgery and Medicine," people who received low-level laser treatment lost an average of 3.51 inches across their hips, thighs and waist. The placebo group lost 0.69 inches. Participants received three treatments per week for two weeks.

Considerations

The study's investigators caution not to equate size reduction with weight loss, though some clinics that offer the procedure market Zerona as a weight-loss treatment. Questions exist about the long-term health consequences.

Significance

Cold-laser technology provided short-term size reductions in a credible, well-controlled trial. Long-term results have not been studied, however, and those outcomes may depend largely on personal diet-and-exercise behavior.

When To Incorporate Food Into A Baby'S Diet

Switching over from formula to solid foods is an important stage of a child's growth and diet cycle. It is the first step to starting a new dietary lifestyle altogether, because this is when your child gets the first taste of the food he is going to consume for the rest of his life.

Age

The American Academy of Pediatricians (AAP) guidelines state that the ideal age for switching from breast milk or formula to solid foods is when the baby is four to six months old. If started earlier, the digestive system is not stable enough to process solid foods. Moreover, the child's immunity levels are usually not high prior to this stage, hence ingesting solid food is likely to lead to infections. Until this age, foods such as water, juices and other supplements are not necessary because breast milk or formula have as much of these nutrients as the child needs.

Signs It's Time to Switch

Parents should look for the first signs that the child is ready for solid food. When your child is able to fork his tongue out for longer periods, it is safe to assume that he is not likely to choke or throw solid foods out. If he is able to lift his neck without support and can support his head by himself, this is another sign that he can be given solid food. Another vital sign that the baby is ready for solid food is a psychological sign. If the baby stares at food that other members of the family are eating and makes an attempt to grab it, it means he is looking to try that food out!

Making the Switch

Despite the child's readiness, the parents or caregivers should make sure the process is a gradual one. One simple thing to try at first is to make sure your child is hungry when the first real food is offered. Parents should be prepared to keep formula ready or be prepared for the mother to breast feed if your child does not accept the food, which is new to him, after all.

It is ideal to start with foods that are soft and easy to swallow and digest. Rice cereal is the ideal first solid food as it is gluten free and not many are allergic. Other foods such as ground carrot or non-citrus fruits can also be tried. Add these foods gradually one at a time, after your child appears to have mastered eating cereal. Only one new food should be added every three days (or one new food a week if allergies run in your family or your baby has an allergic reaction) so you can monitor your baby for signs of allergic reaction and easily be able to identify any foods that cause digestive upset.

Babies may not eat very much at first, as they have to get used to putting food in their mouth and swallowing it. As a result, they may spit much of the food out when first offered. You should expand from the rice cereal only when they begin to swallow that and seem ready to move on to other foods.

It is equally important to avoid some foods such as juices, eggs, citrus fruits and cow's milk as a baby's digestive system may be unable to process these foods. Baby Center suggests waiting until a child is 12 months old before introducing these foods.

Recovery Time From Vitrectomy Surgery

A vitrectomy is a commonly performed eye surgery used to resolve a number of conditions that involve the eye's vital structures. The procedure involves totally removing the vitreous humor (eye fluid) and replacing it with an air and gas mixture, which requires substantial recovery time and post-treatment care.

Recovery Time Variables

The length of time required for recovery will depend on the seriousness of the underlying condition. Conditions that may require vitrectomy procedures include retinal detachment, diabetic vitreous hemorrhage, macular hole(s), epiretinal membrane, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, foreign body removal, and endophthalmitis.

Eye Shield

A plastic eye shield must be worn when sleeping for the first week following surgery, and should be worn for at least the first three days after surgery when showering.

Lying Face-Down

The patient is often told to lie face-down and remain immobile for up to three weeks after surgery. This is to ensure proper healing as natural eye fluid slowly replaces the air and gas mixture that was placed in the eye during surgery.

Eye Drops

Eye drops are typically used for a few weeks after the surgery to minimize inflammation, prevent infection, minimize scarring of the pupil, provide comfort, and to maintain low eye pressure.

Travel

Patients must cancel all travel plans for at least a few months following surgery. This is because of the extreme risks of changes in air pressure, which pose dangerous risks for for any remaining air and gas mixture in the eye. Only the doctor can tell you when it's safe to fly.

Total Healing Time

Most healing will occur during the four to six weeks after surgery, but full replacement of the air and gas mixture, as well as full visual recovery, may take up to a few months. Consistent follow-up appointments are required.

Medicaid Eligibility In Texas

Medicaid is a federal- and state-funded, state-operated health insurance program for certain low-income individuals, including the elderly, disabled, pregnant women and children. Texas also provides Medicaid to low-income women with breast or cervical cancer. You may apply at your local Medicaid office or complete an application for assistance (See Resources) and submit it via postal mail, fax or online.

Types

The Texas Medicaid program consists of numerous types of Medicaid. Children may be covered under Children's Medicaid, CHIP or the Youth Transitioning Out of Foster Care programs. Women may be covered under Medicaid for Pregnant Women, CHIP Perinatal Coverage, Women's Health Program or Medicaid for Women with Breast or Cervical Cancer. The elderly and disabled may be covered under Medicaid for People 65 or Older and People with Disabilities, Medicare Savings Programs and Medicaid Buy-In Program.

Assets

You must meet income and resource requirements to qualify for Medicaid. Income limits range from $867 to as much as $4,320 month, depending on the type of income and the specific Medicaid program. Resource limits range from $2,000 to $5,000, depending on the specific Medicaid program.

Disability

If you are applying for Medicaid due to being disabled, your application will be reviewed by a medical review team. When you submit your application, request releases of information so that you can authorize Medicaid to obtain these records on your behalf. You can also obtain these records by contacting each of your health care providers.

Supplemental Security Income

If you receive SSI, you are automatically eligible for Texas Medicaid. SSI is a program offered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that provides monthly payments to elderly and disabled individuals who have an insufficient work history to qualify for disability payments.

Spend-Down

If you earn more than $690 in unearned income per month and do not receive SSI, you will be required to pay a spend-down each month before you are eligible for Medicaid. You will be required to pay the difference between your income and $690 each month out-of-pocket before Medicaid pays for any of your medical bills. For example, if you earn $900 per month in Social Security disability, you will be required to pay the first $210 of your medical expenses before you will be eligible for Medicaid.

Employment

If you are employed, you may still be eligible for Medicaid through the Medicaid buy-in program. If you earn more than $1,354 per month, you will be required to pay a premium to be eligible for Medicaid.

Portland Oregon Small Hotels

Portland is home to a variety of small, boutique hotels.

Portland is situated in the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States. It is the biggest city in the state of Oregon, and was established in 1851. Portland is an eco-friendly city that is known for its many gardens and parks. Some of the city's most well-known attractions are the Portland Art Museum, Washington Park, the Portland Japanese Garden and the Oregon Zoo. For visitors to Portland that are seeking small and intimate accommodations, there are various suitable boutique hotels.

Hotel deLuxe

The Hotel deLuxe is a downtown Portland accommodation that has a glamorous Old Hollywood theme. In existence since 2006, the Hotel deLuxe blends art deco style with the glitzy flair of the 1940s and 1950s. The Hotel deLuxe is close to the dining and shopping options of Nob Hill, and is also near the Pearl District. The spacious guest rooms are all entirely smoke-free, and come with amenities such as an oak writing desk, high-speed wireless Internet access, iPod station, round-the-clock room service, doggie menu (pets are accepted for a fee), security safe and complimentary tea and coffee. Some other features of the small hotel are a business center, 24-hour gym, valet parking and three event rooms.

Hotel deLuxe

729 SW 15th Ave.

Portland, OR 97205

503-219-2094

hoteldeluxeportland.com

Hotel Lucia

The Hotel Lucia is a small and stylish accommodation that is in the heart of downtown Portland. The Hotel Lucia is minutes away from attractions like Washington Park, the Portland Art Museum and the Rose Quarter Arena. Pets are welcome to stay at the hotel for a fee. It is also steps away from many of the city's finest shopping and dining choices. The luxurious guest rooms and suites all include free organic coffee and tea, room service, flat screen television, turn-down service, iPod docking station and Aveda toiletries. Other perks are valet parking, exercise room, business center and event and meeting facilities.

Hotel Lucia

400 SW Broadway

Portland, OR 97205

503-225-1717

hotellucia.com

Ace Hotel Portland

The Ace Hotel Portland is a chic and cozy boutique accommodation that is located in the heart of the city's downtown area, near the Pearl District and Powell's Books. The Ace Hotel Portland is an environmentally friendly establishment that utilizes elements such as low VOC (volatile organic compound paint) and vintage furnishings. Pets are permitted to stay at the hotel without any necessary additional fees. The 79 guest rooms all come with room service, complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access and 18-inch flat screen television. Other benefits of the hotel are bicycle rental, on-site restaurant, delicatessen and lobby photobooth (which allows guests to take analog photographs).

Ace Hotel Portland

1022 SW Stark St.

Portland, OR 97205

503-228-2277

acehotel.com/portland

The Jupiter Hotel

The Jupiter Hotel is an inexpensive and quirky boutique accommodation that is just steps away from downtown Portland and points of interest like the Pearl District, the Rose Quarter Arena and the Oregon Convention Center. The small hotel previously served as a mid-century motor inn. The Jupiter Hotel is a minimalistic and sleek property that consists of merely 81 guest rooms. The retro-themed rooms and suites are all equipped with free wireless high-speed Internet access, 32-inch flat screen television, chalkboard doors, down comforters, eco-friendly toiletries, photorealist or painted murals, work desk and portable MP3 device. The Portland hotel is home to an on-site live rock music venue and restaurant called Doug Fir Restaurant and Lounge.

The Jupiter Hotel

800 E. Burnside St.

Portland, OR 97214

503-230-9200

jupiterhotel.com

Vat Procedures

A VAT (video-assisted thoracoscopic) surgical procedure is a type of minimally invasive operation on the lungs that allows for quicker recovery time than traditional forms of surgery. VAT procedures are just as safe as traditional forms of surgery, according to a study conducted at Duke University Medical Center in 2006.

Safety

It is very rare for fatalities to occur during VAT procedure and 99 percent of patients survive the first 30 days post-operation, according to the Duke University study.

Features

During a VAT surgical procedure, the surgeon makes two tiny incisions in the chest and then uses a camera called a thorascope to guide her movements and complete the necessary surgery. When her work is finished, the surgeon stitches up the incision.

Time Frame

Most patients are able to walk within a few hours after a VAT surgical procedure, and the average hospital post-operation stay is only one to two days, according to the Thoracic Group.

Types of Conditions

VAT surgical procedures are used to treat a number of conditions, including lung cancer, pneumothorax, lung infections and pulmonary cysts. In addition, doctors rely on VAT procedures to diagnose certain conditions, such as fluid accumulation around the lungs or heart.

Restrictions

If you have had a previous surgery on your chest, you may not be a good candidate for a VAT surgical procedure due to the possible interference of scar tissue.

Sclerotherapy For Weight Loss

Sclerotherapy for Weight Loss

Sclerotherapy, a medical procedure originally only treating unsightly veins, is increasing in popularity among surgeons performing weight-loss surgery. Doctors inject the same type of solution in the stomach area as a follow-up treatment to rectify failed gastric bypass surgery. The procedure, more commonly described as "endoscopic sclerotherapy," has proven successful.

Background

During the first year following gastric bypass surgery, patients generally experience significant weight loss. The weight loss eventually slows down, and a couple of years later certain patients find themselves having regained their initial weight loss.

According to a University of Connecticut study published in the July-August 2008 issue of the medical journal Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, "a 10 to 15 percent weight regain can occur in these patients." The primary causes involve inappropriate diet, insufficient exercise or genetic predisposition. The secondary cause, known as stoma--stomach opening, is due to a stretched-out anastomosis (the part that bridges the stomach pouch with the small intestine).

Other treatments besides sclerotherapy are available to rectify failed gastric bypass surgery, but they are not deemed as effective. These treatments include surgical revision and medical or dietary therapy. Unfortunately, the former is complicated and so risky it can be deadly, while the latter, which is much safer, is not often successful. Endoscopic sclerotherapy, on the other hand, is considered not only safe but highly effective so far. "Most patients (74%) begin to lose weight or stop gaining weight [after undergoing sclerotherapy]," according to Muhammad A. Jawad, M.D., bariatric surgeon at the Bariatric and Laparoscopy Center of Odala.

Procedure

Sclerotherapy is an outpatient procedure that only takes 30 minutes to perform. The doctor injects the chemical sodium morrhuate into the area of the stoma--opening--of the stomach. The chemical induces scarring, which is supposed to shrink the stoma. Scar tissue continues to form in the subsequent two months, resulting in the diameter of the stoma to shrink. The goal is a 10-mm reduction. More injections may be needed to reach this goal; however, not often.

For example, Laurie Spaulding, M.D. and author of the "Treatment of Dilated Gastrojejunostomy with Sclerotherapy" in the medical journal Obesity Surgery, reports that she only needed to use an average of 1.3 injections in a sample of 20 patients in her initial 2003 report.

Most people will experience weight loss or at least maintain their weight with this method, as shown in a weight-loss group of 71 patients undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy of the stoma in the University of Connecticut study. Conducted by Mark Loewen, M.D. and Carlos Barba, M.D., the study lasted from July 2004 to August 2006. "During the 12-month follow-up period, 72 percent of patients maintained or lost weight," according to the study.

Considerations

Endoscopic sclerotherapy involves relatively minor side effects and complications. Complications include nausea and post-injection pain.

Mayo Clinic Heart Diet Before Surgery

The Mayo Clinic's Heart Healthy diet outlines 7 steps to prevent heart disease. However, a patient who already has heart disease and is going in for surgery will also benefit from making these specific dietary changes. Following these diet recommendations from The Mayo Clinic will help strengthen a patient's heart before surgery and promote improved heart health after their surgery has been completed.

Mayo Clinic Heart Diet Guidelines

A very important step to take in improving overall heart health is to limit the intake of unhealthy cholesterol from the diet. This includes trans fats and saturated fats which are found in butter, margarine and shortening. These types of fats cause a buildup of plaques in the arteries, which ultimately increases the risk of heart attack and stroke due to the brain or heart becoming deprived of adequate amounts of oxygen.

Heart-healthier fat options include olive oil, canola oil and trans-fat free margarine.

When buying prepackaged foods, be sure to check for hidden unhealthy fats by looking for the phrase, 'partially hydrogenated' in the list of ingredients. Avoid eating foods such as bacon, cold cuts, fried meats and whole fat milk.

Eating low-fat protein sources is also recommended by the Mayo Clinic. Some great examples include fish, poultry and lean meat. Eating certain types of fish such as salmon and mackerel are especially beneficial to the heart, as they are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can actually lower cholesterol levels in the blood.

Eating beans, peas and lentils as well as adding soy protein to the diet is recommended. Drinking skim milk instead of low fat milk is also encouraged.

Low in calories and rich in fiber, fruits and vegetables should be included in abundance. The soluble fiber which they contain helps lower cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart disease. In addition, many fruits and vegetables also contain essential antioxidant vitamins which help prevent cardiovascular disease.

Getting into the habit of using herbs to season foods is a good idea. Salt substitute may also be used in the place of regular table salt, which should be avoided. Healthy adults should eat no more than 2,300 milligrams of salt per day, which only equals 1 teaspoon.

Practicing moderation is another important guideline set forth by The Mayo Clinic Heart Diet. A serving size of meat should be about the same size as a deck of cards. A serving of pasta should be about the same size of a scoop of ice cream. Save room on the plate for vegetables and whole grains. Various nutrients found in whole grains improve heart health and regulate blood pressure. Choose breads and pasta made with whole grains. High-fiber cereals are also helpful.

To ensure continued success for healthy heart eating, The Mayo Clinic recommends planning daily menus ahead of time. Be creative and try to include a wide variety of heart healthy food choices in menu planning and resist temptation to grab an unhealthy snack.

Beginning a heart-healthy eating plan before having surgery is a great way to get on the right track.

Instructions for the Day before Surgery

No food, including gum and mints, should be eaten after 12 midnight on the night before surgery. Drinking beverages also needs to stop at midnight. Avoid swallowing any water when brushing your teeth.

On the morning of surgery, dress in comfortable clothing. Women should not wear makeup or have painted fingernails on the day of surgery. Jewelry and valuables should be left safely at home or with the person who accompanies the patient to surgery. Be sure to bring along all necessary prescription medications to the hospital.

Preparations For Hip Replacement Surgery

Hip replacement surgery is a major operation and must be treated as such. If you are in need of a hip replacement, you no doubt have already gone through treatments and therapies that have failed. The few weeks before your hip replacement is an important time to attend to details in preparation of your operation.

Lose Weight

As your doctor takes your medical history, he may ask you to lose some weight, if applicable. Excess weight puts more pressure on your joints and may slow down your recovery from hip replacement surgery.

Quit Smoking

Smoking can compromise your blood flow pattern, say experts from the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, and puts you at risk for more complications during surgery. Your physician may advise you to quit smoking before you schedule hip replacement surgery.

Blood Work

Be prepared to have routine blood tests done before your surgery. You may also have the opportunity to donate your own blood in case you need transfusions during your operation.

X-rays

Your doctor will most likely schedule you for a chest X-ray to be sure all is clear before you have your hip replacement.

Medications

The week before your hip replacement surgery is the time to stop taking medications that may interfere with healing. This includes non-steroidal inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin. If you are taking other medications, ask your doctor if you need to discontinue use before surgery.

Insurance

Be sure to get your surgery approved by your insurance company before you head to the hospital for your hip replacement. Call the phone number on the back of your insurance card if you have questions about pre-authorization.

Home Improvements

Getting your home ready for your return is advised. Install grab bars in your bathtub and consider replacing your toilet seat with a raised seat that will be easier to use. Determine where you will sleep if you normally do not sleep on the ground floor of your home.

The Miriam Hospital Weight Loss Program

The Miriam Hospital

With obesity on the rise in America and weight loss becoming a focus of an increasingly overweight population, some find themselves needing more help than others. Despite the seemingly endless array of diets, exercise programs and self-help tools, some people--particularly seriously obese people--may need more customized help.

The Miriam Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, has gained acclaim for its weight-loss clinic.

The Miriam Approach

The Miriam Hospital works with patients who are overweight at any level. However, it offers special support to the obese.

The Miriam program takes an inter-disciplinary approach to weight loss. Patients work with physicians, exercise physiologists, psychologists, dietitians and social workers. The team looks at every aspect of the patient's situation. Among the considerations are motivations and needs in eating and exercising, effective exercise plans, good nutrition as a basis of losing weight, and manage weight loss and weight maintenance in the world in which the patient lives.

In addition to whatever specific food and exercise regime a patient undergoes, the patient also participates in 16 to 28 weeks of weekly group sessions with other patients. The program focuses on rethinking the way people relate to food and their bodies and rethinking their life strategies in these areas. It may also address other psychological and clinical issues that may contribute to a person's weight problem.

The Biggest Loser

The Miriam Hospital also studied competition as a stimulus for weight loss. It was a sponsor in a program called Shape Up Rhode Island 2007. The study involved 4,717 people who were divided into four teams to see which team could lose the most weight in 12 weeks. About 70 percent of the participants remained in the program until the end.

The Miriam Hospital concluded that the more physically active participants and teams did the best. It also concluded that competition--similar to the format of the TV show, "The Biggest Loser" --is an effective way to encourage weight loss.

Group participation is part of weight loss treatment at The Miriam Hospital.

Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center

The Miriam Hospital is affiliated with the Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center and Brown University Medical School. The center does clinical research on weight loss topics including adolescent weight control, pediatric weight control, weight control during and after pregnancy, how family dinners affect children's weight, living lean in a toxic environment and stop weight re-gain.

The Marian Hospital is a clinical site for the center and also incorporates and implements procedures and programs of its own based on the research findings.

Weight Loss Over 40

Weight Loss Over 40

Weight loss for those older than 40 is so notoriously tough that "fat and forty" has nearly become a stereotype. If you're having problems controlling your weight, you should incorporate the same principals as you would at any other age. The proper diet and exercise regimen makes all the difference.

Metabolism

Weight loss was easier when you were younger because the body's metabolism runs at a faster rate. The metabolism slows down about 5 percent in your 30s and continues slowing as you age. By the time you are in your 40s, that is about 200 calories that you are no longer able to eat without gaining weight. Many people gain weight because they have not incorporated a way to omit 200 calories a day from their diet to compensate for this change.

The first thing you want to do in order to lose weight when you are in your 40s is to eliminate about 200 calories from your current diet or increase your physical activity to account for the difference.

Muscle

Weight loss for those older than 40 requires adding exercise to your daily routine. If you are serious about losing weight, you will need to exercise five to six days a week, for at least 30 minutes each time. Most of that exercise needs to be aerobic, in order to burn calories. However, it is important to add weight training to your routine as well. Building muscle will help you maintain a faster metabolism. A pound of muscle burns significantly more calories than a pound of fat.

Decrease Stress

When you reach your 40s, life can be much more stressful than it was in early adulthood. Many people have multiple responsibilities that include raising children, working long hours, maintaining a home, caring for elderly parents and keeping up with a social life. If not managed properly, stress can wreak havoc on weight-loss plans. The reason for this is that the body releases more cortisol under these conditions. Cortisol is not your friend, as it tells the body to hold onto the fat it has.

Reduce levels of cortisol in your body by exercising, meditating and carving out time for yourself. This might mean releasing some of your obligations, and generally simplifying your life.

Have Your Hormones Tested

Our hormones strike a delicate balance in our bodies. If hey get out of balance, we have a tendency to have mood swings, gain weight and have other health problems. Thyroid hormones are notorious for getting out of balance and causing weight loss or gain. If you are older than 40, you should have your levels of these hormones tested.

You'll also want to have your insulin levels tested. Being too resistant to insulin can also cause you to retain or gain weight. Other hormones, such as estrogen, can affect insulin, so it's a good idea to have a full hormonal workup to make sure that everything is in balance.

Slow and Steady

If you are determined to lose weight in your 40s, have an action plan. Cut your calories, exercise, reduce stress and have your hormone levels tested. If you do these things consistently, the weight will come off. It might not come off as quickly as it did in your 20s, but you will see the numbers on the scale start to look more favorable.

Meanings Of Jelly Bracelets

Meanings of Jelly Bracelets

Schools are banning colored jelly bracelets, also called "sex bracelets," because of a game surrounding their wearing; teenagers wear colored bracelets that symbolize sexual acts they will perform if someone snaps the bracelet on the wearer's wrist. Although the game has been dismissed as an urban legend by forums and websites (including Snopes), parents and schools take the game seriously.

Black

Wearing a black jelly bracelet is said to symbolize that the wearer will have missionary sex.

Blue

A blue jelly bracelet is said to symbolize that the wearer will perform oral sex on a male.

Orange and Purple

An orange jelly bracelet signifies that the wearer will kiss the snapper of the opposite sex. A purple bracelet signifies that the wearer will kiss the snapper regardless of gender.

Pink

Pink symbolizes that the wearer is willing to give a hickey to the person who snaps the bracelet.

Red

A red jelly bracelet is said to symbolize that the wearer will perform a lap dance on the snapper. Alternate meanings include a French kiss or oral sex.

White

White jelly bracelets are believed to symbolize that the wearers will flash their body parts, usually that a female will show her chest.

What Effect Did The Cotton Gin Have On America

Eli Whitney did not become rich through his invention of the cotton gin because of patent disputes

Prior to the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1792, cotton was not an important crop to the European settlers of the U.S., according to the Teaching U.S. History website. Cotton was not considered important until the mid to late 18th century in countries such as England because of their reliance on wool products. After the cotton gin was invented, the export of cotton from the U.S. was centered on trade with England.

Cotton Gin

The use of cotton as a crop in the U.S. was limited to long staple cotton, which is the easiest to pick and remove seeds from and is grown along the southern coast of the U.S. Inland crops of cotton were medium staple cottons; in this type it is more difficult to remove seeds from the cotton fibers. Eli Whitney arrived in Georgia in September 1792 after graduating form Yale College, the National Archive reports. Soon after arriving in the south, he observed slave laborers removing cotton seeds from cotton bolls with great difficulty. It took around 10 hours to remove the seeds from 1 lb. of cotton lint. The machine created by Whitney used a sieve of wires to hold the seed while a drum brushed the lint from the seeds. The cotton gin removed seeds from cotton lint at a faster rate than humans could.

Cotton

Following the invention of the cotton gin, cotton become an important crop grown by plantation owners in southern states. In 1790 before the invention of the cotton gin the U.S. produced around 1,500 lbs. of cotton, growing to 35,000 lbs. by 1800. This growth continued through 1848 when the U.S. produced 1,000,000 lbs. of cotton, according to the Teaching U.S. History website. During the same period the reliance of the U.S. on other crops, such as tobacco and rice, was reduced.

Slaves

The largest effect of the introduction of the cotton gin was the increase in slaves brought into cotton producing states. In 1790 the U.S. had six slave states, growing to 15 in 1860 because of the spread of cotton crops, the National Archives reports. The spread of cotton crops, grown and picked by slave labor spread southwest after the cotton gin was introduced to the state of Mississippi.

Exports

Cotton was an important crop to the U.S. economy. Around three-fifths of the exports from the U.S. were from the south, the majority of which were cotton products, the National Archives reports. Following the invention of the cotton gin, Eli Whitney began mass production of various products, such as the musket in 1798.

The Best Overthecounter Brown Spot Removers

Lightening face cream is effective for brown spots.

Brown spots on your skin are often caused by excessive sun radiation and cause years of frustration as you try to find something that gets rid of them. Brown spots on your skin, also known as hyper pigmentation, may not go away completely but several over-the-counter products can lighten the spots and give you more confidence. Does this Spark an idea?

Exfoliate

Exfoliating your skin is important to keep it looking clean and healthy. When you have brown spots due to hyper pigmentation, exfoliating your skin on a regular basis may help to lessen the effects of this condition by scrubbing away the dead skin cells on your skin. The healthier your skin, the less likely you are to develop more brown spots from sun damage or other causes.

Lightening Face Cream

Lightening face creams are available over-the-counter to lighten your skin as well as the brown spots on your skin. Look for a face cream with the ingredient hydroquinone; this helps to bleach and lighten the brown spots on your skin. Not only do the brown spots lighten, but so do any other imperfections on your skin you may not like, such as freckles. Allow three to six weeks for the face cream to take full effect and notice a difference.

Age Spot Creams

Skin creams, meant for age spots, work well on brown spots from hyperpigmentation, as these creams often contain many different skin lightening and bleaching ingredients. Look for an age spot cream with celazome, comacare or the agent hydroquinone. Use the age spot cream ads directed on the bottle for age spots and brown spots associated with extensive sun exposure from sunbathing or tanning.

Homemade Masks

Make a homemade mask using typical, over-the-counter ingredients to lighten and bleach the imperfections in your skin, including brown spots and other pigmentation problems. Lemon juice works well for lightening skin tone. Mix together a few chopped pieces of boiled and strained parsley and about five drops of lemon juice. Use a cotton ball to apply this mask to your skin. The product can be left on your face until the next time it is washed -- preferably overnight.

Preventative

A majority of skin pigmentation issues are a result of sun exposure. Every time you are out in the sun, you expose your skin to the dangerous UV radiation from the sun. Over time, this may cause discoloration, hyperpigmentation and, more seriously, skin cancer. Always wear sunscreen when you plan to be outdoors, even in the colder months when you think you have no threat of sun damage.

Weight Loss Summer Camps For Teens

Weight Loss Summer Camps for Teens

Whether you are an overweight teen or you are the parent of an overweight teen, there are many ways to help get you or your loved one's weight back into a healthy range. One way would be to go to a camp where there are other teens just like you, looking to make a healthy change in their lives. Summer camps around the United States that are geared towards teaching healthy habits that lead to weight loss.

Wellspring Camps

Wellspring Camps are located around the United States and all run programs scientifically based to help teens lose weight. Not only are the goals of these camps to help teens lose weight, they are also dedicated to improving teen fitness and lifelong healthy habits. They even have classes that teach campers cook healthy meals for themselves. Programs at Wellspring Camps are well-rounded plans that include eating right, exercising and progress tracking.

New Image Camps

New Image Camps focus on weight loss and on the self-esteem of teens who are in their programs. Just like many teen weight-loss camps, New Image creates individual weight loss plans for their campers. They encourage campers to not only lose weight, but to make friends trying to do the same. The camp feels that these relationships will help each individual to more successfully lose weight and keep it off.

Camp LaJolla

Camp LaJolla boasts that it is a wonderful place to take a healthy vacation. This is a place where the word diet is never used; it is all about learning create a healthy lifestyle. Because of this goal, the LaJolla program focuses on individual education. While most teen weight loss programs find themselves set in the piney woods in a true camp-like settings, LaJolla is located just minutes from the beach at the University of California, San Diego. Also, LaJolla has a 2-year follow-up program to ensure that the methods that campers learn while at camp are still a part of their everyday lives, ensuring their lifelong success.

Surrounding Yourself with People Who Make Positive Choices

The main success that all these campers seem to have, no matter what camps they attend, is they all focus on the team experience. Alone, weight loss can be challenging. But, if you surround yourself with others trying to accomplish the same things you are, it seems more successful. If you are trying to meet a goal, such as weight loss, it can be helpful to have people to talk to and to cheer you on as you go. Plus, surrounding yourselves with good role models can only help to encourage your success.

Average Cost of Attendance

Wellspring Camps cost around $5,000 for one week, but to increase your time to four weeks costs just $1,200 more.

Unlike Wellspring Camps, New Image Camps does not offer camping sessions for any less than a two-week period. For two weeks at New Image Camp, the cost will be around $3,000. For a four-week camp, the cost is just a little over $5,000.

At Camp LaJolla, they also do not offer a one-week session. The shortest session is two weeks long and costs a little more than $4,000. Four weeks at LaJolla will costs you a little under $8,000.

Although these health and wellness weight loss camps can be a bit pricey, many testimonials on all of these camp's websites seem to show that the experience is worth the price.

Lap Band Requirements

Lap Band Requirements

The lap band weight loss procedure is a surgical intervention to lose weight. In this procedure a gastric band is placed around the upper portion of the stomach. This limits the amount of food it takes before you have the feeling of being full. The lap band can also be adjusted during the weight loss process to help the patient lose a greater amount of weight. This process is regulated by the National Institutes of Health with specific requirements for potential lap band surgery patients.

BMI

The first and most important lap band surgery requirement is having a BMI of over 40. Your BMI (Body Mass Index) is a mathematical number that represents your weight in relation to your height. This allows you to see where you stand in regard to a healthy weight for your height. You can have a BMI below 40, but you must also have an associated medical disorder that affects your health in relation to your weight. No one with a BMI of less than 35 can qualify for lap band surgery.

Diabetes

If you have a BMI of 35 or higher, and also have been diagnosed with diabetes, you can also be eligible for the lap band surgery. Diabetes can have potentially fatal consequences when combined with obesity. Because of this the NIH allows patients with lower BMIs to qualify for the surgery because of the added risk to their health.

Hypertension

Patients with a BMI of 35 or above as well as having been diagnosed with hypertension are also candidates for lap band surgery. Hypertension can lead to blood vessel damage, heart disease, heart failure and a host of other potentially fatal disorders. Because hypertension is adversely affected by obesity, the risks associated with hypertension outweigh the risks of having the surgery at a lower BMI level.

High Cholesterol

High cholesterol is another co-existing health problem that allows patients to have lap band surgery at a BMI as low as 35. High cholesterol is often associated with obesity and can cause plaque to build up in the blood vessels. This can eventually lead to heart disease, stroke or a heart attack. Once again, since the dangers associated with high cholesterol outweigh the dangers associated with a lower BMI, the NIH allows the lower level to undergo the surgery.

Past Attempts at Weight Loss

Many insurance companies may also have an additional requirement for lap band surgery. This requirement involves trying other forms of weight loss before trying weight loss surgery. These may include diets and exercise regimes that have been recommended and prescribed by your personal doctor or nutritionist. You may still have the surgery if you have not tried other methods of weight loss, but your insurance will most likely not cover it.

What Causes A Laptop Screen To Flicker

Laptop screens are made from LCDs -- liquid crystal displays.

You're working on your laptop when suddenly, the screen starts to flicker. Whether it happens only intermittently or frequently, it's a problem that cannot only be a nuisance, but can also point to larger problems within your laptop and its LCD -- or liquid crystal display -- monitor.

Faulty Cables

Even though laptops are designed to give you the ability to work away from your desk, eventually you'll have to recharge your laptop. If you notice the screen flickering only when you have it plugged in to the battery, examine the power cord. A crimp or other damage to the cable could cause the screen to flicker. Also, a loose cable connection on either end of the cord could be to blame. Look to see if the port into which you plug the cable is secure; if the port is jiggling, it could contribute to the problem.

Low Battery

Just as a faulty battery cable can be the culprit behind a flickering laptop screen, a low battery on the laptop itself can also be to blame. If you notice the screen flickering only when the laptop's battery is running low, try plugging the device into its charger.

Slow Refresh Rate

Your computer's refresh rate determines the rate at which your computer sends information between the CPU and the monitor. A low refresh rate means this information is sent less frequently than with a faster refresh rate. To see your laptop's refresh rate, access the control panel inside the "Start" menu. Click on the "Display" or "Monitor" tab, and look for the section called "Refresh Rate" or "Refresh Frequency." View the refresh rate options from the drop-down box, and try different rates until you eliminate the flicker problem.

Backlight Problems

LCD monitors -- on televisions, laptops and flat-panel computer screens -- rely on a backlight to illuminate the liquid crystals, creating the image. A flickering screen could indicate a problem with your monitor's backlight. A piece of equipment called an inverter supplies power to your backlight; if the inverter's connection to the backlight is loose or damaged, it could cause the screen to flicker. This is a problem you can't solve on your own; you should contact a professional laptop repair person to look into the issue.

Video Card

To see if the problem is because of your laptop screen, or the laptop itself, connect it to an external monitor. If the flicker is no longer present, the issue is with your laptop's LCD screen; a replacement screen will likely eliminate this problem. If the flicker persists with the external monitor, the problem may be a faulty video card. This card's purpose is to generate images and transfer them from the computer's CPU to the screen; if there is a problem with the card, the image will be broken, discolored or may flicker on and off.

Treatments For Sudden Hip Dislocation In Dogs

Sudden hip dislocation in dogs is treatable with or without surgery.

Sudden hip dislocation in dogs can occur at any time during a dog's life. Fortunately hip dislocation or hip luxation is not usually serious and is easily treatable with a number of methods. Veterinarians provide both surgical and non-surgical treatments for dogs suffering from hip dislocation and can help in deciding which treatment is best.

Closed Reduction

The vet can treat many dogs with a non-surgical procedure known as closed reduction. He puts the dog under anesthesia and moves the dog's leg around in order to pop the femoral head back into the socket. Radiographs taken after the procedure ensure that the closed reduction worked properly. After the treatment, the vet places a sling called an "Ehmer" on the dog for one to two weeks to keep the femoral head in place as it heals. While closed reduction is the easiest option for hip dislocation, it can sometimes be unsuccessful and difficult to achieve, especially with larger breeds.

Femoral Head Ostectomy

The most common and basic surgical procedure for hip dislocation in dogs is the femoral head ostectomy or FHO. The surgery consists of removing the entire head (ball) of the femur, leaving the remaining part of the femur to form a false joint. The process allows for the false joint to heal with the ligaments, muscles, and tendons rather than any actual bone-to-bone contact. Femoral head ostectomy reduces the pain of hip dislocation significantly and is typically more successful with smaller dogs under 50 lbs. The dog will not be able to use its leg for two weeks and only partially after four to six weeks but will return to almost normal function after a couple of months.

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy

Triple pelvic osteotomy or TPO is a surgical procedure used only on large breed dogs under 10 months old with mild hip dislocation and no other signs of arthritis. The surgery involves cutting the pelvis and rotating it to provide the femoral head a tighter fit in the socket. The veterinary surgeon cuts the dog's pelvis in three places to help in accurately rotating the hips. After the hip rotation to fix the hip dislocation, she stabilizes the pelvis with metal bone plates.

Total Hip Replacement

The most complicated surgery for hip dislocation is total hip replacement or THR. The surgery consists of replacing both the head and neck of the femur with stainless steel or titanium implants. The metal implants replace the ball and socket joint and stay fully functional for the dog for several years. Total hip replacement is most often used on adult dogs weighing at least 40 lbs. but is also done on young dogs that have developed most of their skeletal growth. Having secondary arthritis in addition to hip dislocation is also a reason for total hip replacement procedure, unlike triple pelvic osteotomy. Total hip replacement treatment is very effective with a high success rate but it does have post operative complications that can be problematic. Therefore only specialized veterinary surgeons do the procedure.

Ways To Wear Jelly Bracelets

Jelly bracelets are thin, rubbery plastic bangles available in many colors. They were popular in the 1980s and regained popularity in the mid-to-late 2000s. They are worn primarily by preteens and teenagers, who are perhaps drawn to their low price and versatility. Jelly bracelets can be worn many ways; try them all and find your favorite.

Wear One at a Time

Keep it simple and wear one jelly bracelet at a time. If you prefer a jelly bracelet with a charm on it (see Resources), wearing it alone will show it off best. Pick a color to match your outfit or choose one that clashes to accent the style.

Stack Them

Madonna made jelly bracelets popular in the 1980s by wearing many of them (usually all black) on one arm (see Resources). Today you can mix colors, wear some jelly bracelets with charms and some without. Stack them as far up your arm as you want.

Connect Two (or Four) to Make One

Connect two jelly bracelets to make one bracelet. Tying them together is often referred to as hooking or twisting. Place two jelly bracelets on a hard surface with the right one overlapping the left a bit so that it looks like a Venn diagram. Grasp the right side of the left bracelet and fold it over the left side of the right bracelet so that it is touching the left side of the left (its own) bracelet. Do the same with the other side. Now you have a new hole in the middle, which you may have to stretch a bit to fit your hand through. You can also tie, hook or twist bracelets by overlapping four of them: two stacked on the left and two stacked on the right.

Connect Many to Make One

Intertwine more than two jelly bracelets to make one bracelet or even a necklace. Just take two jelly bracelets and pinch each with your thumb and pointer. In your left hand, hold up the bracelet so that it looks like an O. Slide the bracelet you're holding in your right hand over the O in your left hand---because jelly bracelets are so flexible, this is easy. Stop when the bracelet hits the middle of the O. Keep holding the O in your left hand and with your right hand reach from behind the O and grab the front of the bracelet that's sitting in the middle of the O; pull the front of that bracelet through the O and away from it so that a knot forms between the two bracelets. Keep adding bracelets if you wish.

Rapid Weight Loss Eating Plan

Rapid Weight Loss Eating Plan

Weight gain has become a common plight in American society, and unfortunately millions of people try to lose weight in unhealthy and destructive ways, such as fasting or taking dangerous diet pills. If you are diabetic, then you know how health can be effected by diet. It is important that diabetics lose weight in order to help lower their chances of developing compilations. Luckily, people can effectively and healthfully lose extra weight by following a 1,500-calorie low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.

Eat Produce

Fruits and vegetables are naturally low in calories and low in cholesterol; therefore they are highly beneficial when following a 1,500-calorie diet. Most fruits and vegetables are low-fat, but some are not, such as avocados. If you are diligently trying to eat produce that is low in calories, try to choose fruits or vegetables that have a high water content to ensure that they will be both low in calories and low in fat. To keep your overall calorie count low for the day, try to eat produce as the bulk of your daily food intake.

Eat Lean Proteins

Proteins are important in keeping your muscles lean and strong, and keeping your energy levels high. Some proteins--such as fatty meats like bacon or sausage--can be high in cholesterol and should be avoided. Select lean meats that are lower in calories and fat, including chicken breast meat, pork or beef tenderloin, or wild game such as bison or elk. Eating a lean protein with each meal will make your body feel more satisfied, and will therefore help you to eat fewer calories throughout the day.

Eat Whole Grains

Refined grains will unfortunately make you crave more food, and should be avoided on a 1,500-calorie diet. Refined grains include foods that are made from highly refined flours, including cookies, crackers, pastries and white breads. Choose instead grains that are whole and close to their natural state, like brown rice, whole wheat bread or stone ground oats. Whole grains are naturally low in fat and cholesterol, and will make you feel fuller for a longer amount of time.

Physics Of Golf Swing Kinetics & Potential Energy

Swinging a golf club demonstrates both potential and kinetic energy.

Few golfers realize the game of golf provides a good physics lesson. However, every time a golfer swings his club, he's demonstrating both potential and kinetic energy .

Potential Energy

Potential energy occurs when the golfer's arms are extended in the backswing.

Potential energy is stored energy. When a golfer extends his arms behind him for the backswing, he is creating potential energy. This potential energy is the energy in the club before the forward swing.

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is shown as the club is swung forward.

Kinetic energy is best described as energy of motion. As a golfer swings his club forward toward the ball, he is demonstrating kinetic energy.

Complete Swing

As a golfer performs a complete golf swing, he is demonstrating kinetic energy as he pulls the club behind him in the backswing. At the farthest backward point, the kinetic energy becomes potential energy. That potential energy is changed back to kinetic energy as the club is brought forward. The kinetic energy of the forward swing is then transferred to the ball at the moment of impact.

Side Effects Of Ginkoba

Ginkoba supplements are made from extracts of the gingko leaf. Evidence has shown that ginkoba may be effective for improving memory and concentration in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, dementia and other brain disorders. It has also been used to improve blood circulation and to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Like all supplements, Ginkoba has potential side effects that may require medical attention.

Common Side Effects

According to Health Square, side effects of ginkoba that are considered common but not serious include mild nausea, lightheadedness and headache. When mild, these symptoms do not require medical attention, however, one should discontinue ginkoba use if they become more intense.

Serious Side Effects

Serious side effects include easy bleeding or bruising, muscle fatigue, difficulty with vision and weakness on one side of the body. A person experiencing these symptoms should consult with a physician before continuing ginkoba doses.

Severe Side Effects

Severe side effects that require immediate medical attention include allergic reactions such as itching or swelling of the face, tongue or throat, difficulty breathing and rash. Other side effects that are considered severe include seizures, slurred speech and paralysis. If you experience these symptoms you should immediately cease ginkoba use and seek emergency room treatment.

Existing Medical Conditions

Before using ginkoba, advise your physician of existing medical conditions such as bleeding abnormalities, diabetes or seizures. Liquid ginkoba supplements often contain alcohol, and as such, patients with histories of alcohol dependency or liver disease who wish to use ginkoba should seek a different form of supplement. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding are advised against using ginkoba.

Drug Interactions

Ginkoba has the potential to adversely interact with medications prescribed to treat seizures, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Patients taking blood thinners such as heparin and warfarin, as well as those who have been prescribed aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke, should not consume ginkoba, as it has the potential to lead to increased bleeding.

Warning

Ginkoba supplements are not approved or regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Those who wish to use ginkoba should only consume products made with standardized gingko leaf extracts. Gingko seeds may contain toxic chemicals, and as such, products containing fresh or roasted gingko seeds are potentially hazardous.

Recovery From Fistula Surgery

The University of Michigan Health System defines an anal fistula as "an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the outer skin of the anus." Fistulas can be quite painful, causing bleeding, itching and pain in the rectum. They are usually the result of constipation. Fistula surgery is sometimes required if the anal fistula does not heal on its own. This surgery is typically an outpatient surgery, so no overnight hospital stay is required. Recovery from fistula surgery can be managed much easier if you follow specific measures to ensure proper healing.

At-Home Recovery

Pain after fistula surgery is inevitable. The first three to five days following the surgery can be especially uncomfortable. Your doctor will likely prescribe pain medication to help get you through the first few days. You may experience nausea and vomiting, as these are common side effects of prescription pain medication. As soon as the pain begins to ease up, try using over-the-counter pain medication rather than the prescription medication.

The bandage that was placed on the incision area should remain on for several hours after you are discharged from the hospital. Take a sitz bath the night of the operation or the next morning. Fill your bathtub with about four inches of warm water and soak for 15 minutes, at least twice daily. You can also purchase bath basins that fit right over your toilet seat for sitz baths. For added relief and healing, you may add a bit of Epsom salts to the bath. Continue twice daily sitz baths for two weeks following the fistula surgery.

You may notice drainage from the incision site, as well as itching. This is normal in a healing fistula. Blood may also be seen in the anal region, especially after bowel movements. Clean the area thoroughly with a moistened wipe. Place a sanitary or gauze pad in your underwear to prevent drainage or blood from seeping through to your clothing. If the bleeding is profuse, this is not normal and you should call your doctor right away.

Although the thought of having a bowel movement after fistula surgery may frighten you, do not resist the urge. It will probably be uncomfortable, but refraining from having bowel movements can cause constipation that will only irritate the anal region further.

Purchase a donut ring from your local drug store or medical supply store. This is a soft cushion with a hole in the center that makes sitting in a chair more comfortable. Strenuous activity should be avoided for at least one week after fistula surgery. You can resume your normal daily activities as soon as you feel comfortable enough to do so.

Avoid becoming constipated so the fistula can heal quickly and properly. Eat a diet high in fiber, consuming plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Drink six to eight glasses of water a day. You can also take a fiber supplement, such as Metamucil or Benefiber, to ensure regular bowel movements. Stool softeners can be taken twice daily as well to help prevent constipation.

If you fail to have a bowel movement by the fourth day post-surgery, contact your doctor for specific instructions. He may request that you have an enema or drink milk of magnesia to induce a bowel movement. You should continue to have bowel movements at least every other day.

Sony Vaio Components

Sony began using the VAIO brand name, which stands for Visual Audio Intelligence Organger, to market its line of desktop and mobile computers in 1996. Since then, the company has released hundreds of desktop and laptop models under the VAIO brand name. Sony designs each VAIO computer to work with the company's other consumer products, including digital cameras, camcorders and high-definition televisions.

VGN-SZ483N

The Sony VAIO VGN-SZ483N features a 2.16 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor. This laptop includes a 160GB Serial ATA, 5,400rpm hard drive and 2GB of DDR SDRAM. Two DIMM slots let you upgrade the notebook computer to a maximum of 4GB of memory. Its DVD-RW drive plays and records DVDs and CDs. This Sony VAIO uses NVIDIA's GeForce Go 7400 video card, which handles 2D and 3D graphics. It features a 13.3-inch WXGA display and a 15-pin VGA output for connecting the laptop to an external monitor or high-definition television. The notebook's 10/100 Ethernet adapter and built-in 802.11a/b/g card let you connect to wired and wireless networks.

PCG-K23

The Sony VAIO PCG-K23 uses Intel's 2.8 GHz Pentium 4 processor. This notebook computer features a 15.4-inch wide-screen display with a maximum resolution of 1,280 by 800 pixels. It includes 512MB of PC2100 DDR SDRAM, upgradable to 1GB. This laptop's ATA 100 IDE hard drive offers 60GB of storage space for programs, music, photos and video. It also includes a built-in Memory Stick reader, which lets you plug flash memory cards from your Sony digital camera directly into the laptop. Sony equips this VAIO with an ATI M345 integrated graphics card for displaying 2D and 3D graphics. A built-in DVD-ROM/CD-RW drive lets you back up important files to CD and watch DVD movies.

FS742/W

Sony's VAIO FS742/W notebook computer features a 15.4-inch, wide-screen WXGA LCD display. It uses a 1.73GHz Pentium M processor with a 533MHz front-side bus. Sony includes a lithium-ion battery that provides up to two hours of battery life. This laptop offers 80GB of hard drive space and 512 MB of memory, upgradable to 2GB. It uses an Intel 915GM graphics card with 128MB of shared video memory for running 2D applications and 3D games. Sony includes a number of software titles with the FS742/W, including Microsoft Windows XP, Norton Internet Security, Intuit Quicken New User Edition, Microsoft Office Trial and DVD Create DVGate Plus.

VGC-RA830G

Sony designed the VAIO VGC-RA830G to function as the entertainment hub of your living room. This desktop computer features Microsoft Windows Media Center 2005, which includes everything you need to watch television shows and movies on your standard- or high-definition television. It uses a 3.4GHz Intel Pentium 4 processor with hyper-threading technology. The VGC-RA830G includes two, 160GB SATA hard drives in RAID 0 configuration for a total of 320GB of storage space. It uses an NVIDIA GeForce 6600 graphics card with 256MB of dedicated video memory. You can use the integrated TV tuner card to watch and record television shows through the computer. It also includes VGA, S-Video and DVI video outputs for connecting the computer to a standard- or high-definition television or monitor.

What Are The Dangers Of Yerba Mate For Cancer

Yerba Mate Gourd

Yerba mate is a mixed drink containing the roasted leaves of the herb, Ilex paraguariensis and water. Yerba mate originated in South America and has become increasingly popular in the United States. A great deal of information has become available regarding the benefits and risks surrounding yerba mate. While the benefits of yerba mate are currently being debated, the dangers of yerba mate for cancer are supported by numerous studies.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Cancer

Carcinogen in the Blood

Recent studies have found that the drink yerba mate contains Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are classified as carcinogens, or cancer-causing agents. While many foods contain trace amounts of PAHs, trace amounts of PAHs are not considered a health risk. Yerba mate, however, contained enough PAHs to be compared with smoking one pack of cigarettes per day.

Stimulant Effect and Cancer

Stimulating Heart Activity

Yerba mate is a stimulant containing caffeine. When ingested in excess, caffeine can cause jitteriness and anxiety. In addition, high levels of caffeine can raise heart rate and blood pressure. A recent study at the University of San Francisco has linked cancer mortality with hypertension (high blood pressure).

Liver Disease and Cancer

Cancer Awareness Ribbon

Studies have shown that ingesting large quantities of yerba mate has adverse affects on the liver. The liver is extremely important in the detoxification of waste products in medications, including cancer medications. In addition, recent clinical studies have discovered a direct link between liver disease and the formation of cancer.

Slow Download On A Computer

Poor signal strength and stability can cause a drop in download speed.

Your Internet speed can be affected by a number of factors, but you may not always notice small differences in speed. When you're downloading files, however, slowed speeds are much more apparent. If you're trying to receive a file and it's downloading much more slowly than it should, this could be the result of server issues, connection strength or even your ISP's speed limitations. However, these issues can usually be troubleshooted to some degree and help you figure out fix a slow download.

Server Problems

Sometimes the speed of the download is completely out of your control. If the server on which the file you are downloading is stored is having difficulty or experiencing an influx of traffic, your download will be slow as it attempts to cope with it. Occasionally a slow download can be "fixed" by deleting it and restarting it, but this isn't a guarantee; don't try this unless you're willing to risk just getting the same speed again and having to start all over.

Speed Limits

Your maximum download speed is limited by the "plan" you have purchased from your ISP, which caps all internet speeds at certain levels. For example, you could be capped at about 300 kb/sec, and even if you have the capability to go faster, your ISP won't let you. In cases like this, you can upgrade your plan (if available) to get higher speeds for browsing, uploading and downloading, but this does cost extra; and there is no guarantee that this would fix the issue if other factors are involved.

Connection Issues

Your own connection may occasionally experience problems that cause downloads to slow down quite noticeably. While the exact cause of such trouble may be difficult to locate, a simple power cycle can typically fix most connection issues if the problem is only on your end. To perform a power cycle, shut down all of your computers and internet devices and unplug the router from its power source. Wait 30 seconds; then plug the router back in. After the router has turned on completely, turn on your computers; then attempt to connect as you normally do.

Weak Signal

If you're using a wireless device, you may experience a slow download if you're getting weak and/or intermittent signals from your wireless router. Make sure you're getting an optimal connection strength by moving your computer closer to the router if possible, and move your router away from any obstacles that can block its signal from reaching your computer. If you're getting a stable signal, then the issue is less likely to be on your end.

Nickel Allergy & Titanium

Nickel is one of the most common metals used by humans. It is commonly used in plating other kinds of metals and in producing numerous alloys such as nickel-titanium. Apparently, nickel is a common cause of contact dermatitis, particularly in the field of orthodontics, whereas nickel-free titanium is considered hypoallergenic.

History

In their article "Nickel Allergy and Orthodontics," published in the Journal of Orthopedics, Gerry Rahilly of Leeds Dental Institute and N. Price of Mayday Hospital note that the first case of allergic reaction to nickel was among workers in the nickel plating industry, which was reported at the end of the 19th century. In 1925, allergic response to nickel and nickel-containing alloys such as nickel-titanium was finally considered a medical condition.

Nickel and Titanium

According to Rahilly and Price, nickel-titanium alloys may have more than 50 percent nickel content, which is potentially enough to elicit signs of allergic reactions. However, the use of nickel-free titanium is a good measure in preventing nickel allergy.

Allergic Reaction

Rahilly and Price state that nickel acts as an antigen that causes type IV hypersensitivity or delayed allergic reaction. On exposure to nickel, primary immune response is induced wherein the body begins to produce antibodies against nickel, leaving no signs of allergy. However, re-exposure to nickel leads to more visible reactions.

Symptoms

According to the Astma-Og Allergiforbundet website, nickel allergy is a form of contact allergy that elicits eczema. Signs of contact eczema include red skin and swelling, sometimes with small or large blisters and oozing sores, severe itching, dryness and cracks.

Diagnosis

In addition to the thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, a dermatologist may perform patch tests using 5 percent nickel sulphate in petroleum jelly to confirm nickel allergy.

Treatment

Apply a soothing moisturizing cream minutes before applying a doctor's prescribed layer of cortisone preparation. Avoid using items with parts made of nickel, nickel-titanium or any other nickel alloy. Nickel allergy treatment will be ineffective if contact with nickel is unavoidable. Consider using gold plate or titanium instead of nickel or nickel alloy.

Who Cannot Have Lasik Eye Surgery

LASIK is a very popular and very successful type of refractive surgery. As the surgical method has progressed over time, the procedure itself has been expanded to treat a wider variety of patients. Patients need to be adults, to have had stable vision for one year and to have sufficient corneal thickness to undergo the surgery. However, there are some patients who should not have LASIK surgery for various reasons. The eye surgeon will carefully evaluate the patient during the LASIK screening exams to make sure that none of the conditions are present.

Pregnancy and Nursing

Pregnancy and nursing are absolute contraindications to LASIK surgery because vision often fluctuates during these times. It would be difficult to accurately correct the refractive error during pregnancy and while nursing. Also, the medications that need to be taken after the procedure--such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drops--are not recommended for pregnant or nursing women due to concerns about harming the fetus. Pregnant women often have symptoms of dry eye which would also eliminate them as candidates. After the hormonal changes even out, these patients may become candidates for LASIK again a few months after pregnancy or nursing.

Autoimmune Diseases

People with autoimmune diseases often have difficulties healing after an injury or surgery. For these people, an elective refractive surgery may not be a good idea because the cornea may not heal properly. Among eye surgeons there are differing opinions about different diseases being absolute disqualifiers for LASIK. Diseases that fall into this category include type 1 diabetes, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis.

Collagen Vascular Diseases

Patients with collagen vascular diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosis and scleroderma are generally disqualified from LASIK surgery as well. Although the scientific reason for the poor outcome for these patients after LASIK is not fully understood, the presence of dry eye syndrome in many patients with collagen vascular diseases may play a role. Also, these patients may be more susceptible to poor corneal healing and may even develop what is known as corneal melt. However, some surgeons will perform the surgery on patients whose condition is well controlled.

Corneal Conditions

Several issues involving the cornea can eliminate a person from consideration for LASIK surgery. The condition keratoconus, which is a disease where the cornea thins and becomes abnormally shaped, is a contraindication because LASIK surgery also removes tissue from the cornea and could worsen the disease. It is sometimes challenging for eye surgeons when a patient has a thin cornea because the surgeon has to make the decision about whether LASIK is appropriate. Patients with excessive scarring of the cornea should not undergo LASIK surgery; patients with dry eyes often are precluded from surgery because dry eye tends to get worse after LASIK.

Certain Medications

Some medications create difficulties with healing or dry eyes, and being on one of these medications would prevent a patient from undergoing LASIK. Steroid or immunosuppressant medications can impair wound healing, which could cause problems after LASIK surgery. Accutane causes dry eye and can cause scarring after surgery; patients need to be off this medication for six months before having LASIK. Other medications, such as anthistamines, beta blockers and diurectics, can cause dry eyes; however, some of the medications can not be just stopped for an elective procedure so these may be contraindications too.

Eye Disease

Several systemic diseases have been noted as contraindications for LASIK. Corneal conditions such as dry eye syndrome have been mentioned as eye conditions that preclude LASIK surgery; however, there are other conditions, including cataracts, eye infections (conjunctivitis) and uncontrolled glaucoma, that would exclude the patient from the LASIK procedure. Having had ocular herpes during the year prior would eliminate a patient from consideration; if the condition has not been present in over a year, the patient can be considered again for the procedure.